Calibration to tool use during visually-guided reaching

Day, B.; Ebrahimi, Elham; Hartman, Leah S.; Pagano, Christopher C.; Babu, Sabarish V.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.09.014

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Humans frequently extend or augment their action capabilities through tool use, which can be regarded as short-term changes to the body. Previous research has supported the idea that objects attached to the body, such as tools, are perceived as functional extensions of the body (Bongers, Smitsman, & Michaels, 2003; Day et al, 2017; Gibson, 1979; Wagman & Chemero, 2014). The extension of the body through tools aids actors in both perceptual and behavioral tasks.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…The present work investigates the effect of presenting participants with an avatar that extends their reach capabilities by depicting an avatar arm that is longer than their own arm. It has been suggested that acting in VR with a lengthened arm may be similar to acting in the real word with a hand-held tool that extends ones’ reach (Day, Ebrahimi, Hartman, Pagano, & Babu, 2017). Humans frequently extend or augment their action capabilities through tool use, which can be regarded as short-term changes to the body.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Examining the effects of altered avatars on perception-action in virtual reality.

Day¹,

Ebrahimi²,

Hartman³

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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In virtual reality avatars are animated graphical representation of a person embedded in a virtual environment. Previous research has illustrated the benefits of having an avatar when perceiving aspects of virtual reality. We studied the effect that a non-faithful, or altered, avatar had on the perception of one's action capabilities in VR. In Experiment 1, one group of participants acted with a normal, or faithful, avatar and the other group of participants used an avatar with an extended arm, all in virtual reality. In Experiment 2, the same methodology and procedure was used as in Experiment 1, except only the calibration phase occurred in VR, while the remaining reaches were completed in the real world. All participants performed reaches to various distances. The results of these studies show that calibration to altered dimensions of avatars is possible after receiving feedback while acting with the altered avatar. Further, calibration occurred more quickly when feedback was initially used to transition from a normal avatar to an altered avatar than when later transitioning from the altered avatar arm back to the normal avatar arm without feedback. The implications of these findings for training in virtual reality simulations and transfer back to the real world are also discussed. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family, Michael, Ingrid, and Kendall Day, all of whom have provided unwavering support, encouragement, and love throughout my entire life. Thank you for everything-I love you guys so much. I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Chris Pagano, for his assistance and guidance throughout this project, from developing a topic and writing the proposal to collecting the data and writing the defense. I am sincerely grateful for everything that you have done for me during my time at Clemson. I also would like to thank my committee members for their support. I truly appreciate all of your assistance and guidance. Specifically, I would like to thank Dr. Moore for his time, encouragement, and mentorship regarding statistics. I would also like to thank, Leah Hartman, my lab mate, for her assistance in everything I have done at Clemson-we make quite the team. In addition, I want to thank my mentor, Dr. Harry Heft. Without your help, I would not have been able to find my passion for this subject matter and your guidance in my academic career is invaluable. Finally, I would once again like to thank my family and friends for their support and encouragement throughout the years I have been working on this project. iv

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Examining the effects of altered avatars on perception-action in virtual reality.

Day¹,

Ebrahimi²,

Hartman³

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Namely, the mere availability of information about whether, when, and how a person must move to achieve a goal does not entail that such information is detected or exploited. Therefore, investigating the necessary and sufficient experiences to facilitate the functional transparency of a virtual tool or a user-tool interface (Day et al, 2019(Day et al, , 2017 is another important area for future research.…”

Section: What Constitutes Tool Use?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the psychological origins of tool use

Mangalam

Fragaszy

Wagman

et al. 2022

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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The ubiquity of tool use in human life has generated multiple lines of scientific and philosophical investigation to understand the development and expression of humans' engagement with tools and its relation to other dimensions of human experience. However, existing literature on tool use faces several epistemological challenges in which the same set of questions generate many different answers. At least four critical questions can be identified, which are intimately intertwined-(1) What constitutes tool use? (2) What psychological processes are involved in tool use? (3) Which of these psychological processes are specific to tool use? (4) Which psychological processes involved in tool use are specific to Homo sapiens? To help advance a multidisciplinary scientific understanding of tool use, six author groups representing different academic disciplines (e.g., anthropology, psychology, neuroscience) and different theoretical perspectives respond to each of these questions, and then point to the direction of future work on tool use. We find that while there are marked differences among the responses of the respective author groups to each question, there is a-perhaps surprisingdegree of agreement about many essential concepts and questions. We believe that this interdisciplinary and intertheoretical discussion will foster a more comprehensive understanding of tool use than any one of these perspectives (or any one of these author groups) would (or could) on their own.

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“…Gibson simply stated that affordances are directly perceived, and we simply pick up the information [25]. Interestingly, evidence shows that affordances do change with practice [11,13,17], and some theorists have proposed that affordances are learned and developed, however without specifying how [22,23]. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first attempt to explain how this occurs through interaction.…”

Section: Ecological Perspective In Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering Affordance: A Reinforcement Learning Perspective

Liao,

Todi,

Acharya

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Affordance refers to the perception of possible actions allowed by an object. Despite its relevance to human-computer interaction, no existing theory explains the mechanisms that underpin affordanceformation; that is, how affordances are discovered and adapted via interaction. We propose an integrative theory of affordanceformation based on the theory of reinforcement learning in cognitive sciences. The key assumption is that users learn to associate promising motor actions to percepts via experience when reinforcement signals (success/failure) are present. They also learn to categorize actions (e.g., "rotating" a dial), giving them the ability to name and reason about affordance. Upon encountering novel widgets, their ability to generalize these actions determines their ability to perceive affordances. We implement this theory in a virtual robot model, which demonstrates human-like adaptation of affordance in interactive widgets tasks. While its predictions align with trends in human data, humans are able to adapt affordances faster, suggesting the existence of additional mechanisms. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → HCI theory, concepts and models.

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Calibration to tool use during visually-guided reaching

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Examining the effects of altered avatars on perception-action in virtual reality.

Examining the effects of altered avatars on perception-action in virtual reality.

On the psychological origins of tool use

Rediscovering Affordance: A Reinforcement Learning Perspective

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