Calendula officinalis stimulate proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts via expression of growth factors TGFβ1 and bFGF

Abstract

Background TGF-β has an important role in the process of wound healing and scar formation. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis on the expression of TGFβ1 and bFGF in the mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs). Methods Calendula officinalis extract was purchased and different substances defined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. MEFs were prepared and after incubating for 15 min, cell viability analyzed. TGF β 1 and bFGF gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. TGFβ1 and bFGF protein expression analyzed by ELISA. The statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS software. Differences were considered significant at ( P < 0.05). Results The results of the MTT test showed that the concentrations of 5 μg/ml and10 μg/ml were more suitable for cell proliferation. There was an increase in TGF β 1 gene expression in the MEFs. Expression of TGF β 1 gene remains the same after 24 h. Gene expression of bFGF showed a similar pattern with TGF β 1 expression for both solvents. Analysis of TGFβ1 protein expression showed an increase in TGFβ1 gene expression in the MEFs. Protein expression of bFGF in the MEFs increased at different concentrations at 12 and 24 h after treatment ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion Calendula officinalis stimulates proliferation of MEFs. Calendula via increased expression of growth factors (TGFβ1 and bFGF) at the first 12 h and a decrease of these factors at 24 h after treatment may ameliorate function of the MEFs in the during wound healing.

<p>Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Expression of Apoptotic Genes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in LS180 Cells</p>

“…On the other hand, a diet containing vegetables and fruit can protect against colorectal cancer, due to its richness in fiber and such nutrients as calcium, selenium, vitamins A, E, C, and D, folic acid, carotenoids, and plant phenols. 4,5 Hydroxytyrosol is one of the most potent antioxidant phenolic compounds in olives, and is able to transfer the hydroxyl electron group to its ortho position and form a hydrogen-bonding molecule with radical phenoxylic stability. 6,7 Research has shown that the incidence of cancer in the Mediterranean region is lower than in other countries.…”

Hydrogel Delivery System Containing Calendulae flos Lyophilized Extract with Chitosan as a Supporting Strategy for Wound Healing Applications

“…For example, Hormozi et al examined the wound healing effect of C. officinalis extract administered at the following concentrations: 5, 10, 20, 40, and 50 µg mL −1 . Their studies confirmed that concentrations of 5 μg mL −1 and 10 μg mL −1 were more suitable for cell proliferation of fibroblasts [ 23 ]. Moreover, Fronza et al showed that both hexane and ethanolic extracts from C. officinalis stimulated proliferation and migration of fibroblasts at low concentrations (i.e., 1 and 10 µg mL −1 ) [ 22 ].…”

“…After 12 h and 24 h of the treatment, a significant increase the wound-healing rate by 31%, 34%, and 33% and 68%, 68%, and 69% was observed for concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, and 125.0 µg mL −1 respectively, compared to the untreated control (23% and 46%). The highest concentration (250 µg mL −1 ) demonstrated the weakest effect on the migration of fibroblasts, and increasing the wound healing was 29% after 12 h and 55% after 24 h. Their studies confirmed that concentrations of 5 µg mL −1 and 10 µg mL −1 were more suitable for cell proliferation of fibroblasts [23]. Moreover, Fronza et al showed that both hexane and ethanolic extracts from C. officinalis stimulated proliferation and migration of fibroblasts at low concentrations (i.e., 1 and 10 µg mL −1 ) [22].…”

“…Moreover, Fronza et al showed that both hexane and ethanolic extracts from C. officinalis stimulated proliferation and migration of fibroblasts at low concentrations (i.e., 1 and 10 µg mL −1 ) [22]. This phenomenon may result from the fact that C. officinalis extract stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts via increased expression of growth factor TGF-β1 [23]. However, only low concentrations of TGF-β1 activate additional signaling pathway (p38 MAPK), which is crucial to the fibroblasts migration [49].…”

“…Additionally, the ethanolic extract enhanced the collagen content in the supernatant of human dermal fibroblasts in part by significantly reduced collagenase activity [16]. Another study conducted by Hormozi et al showed the effect of C. officinalis extracts on the improvement of fibroblast function during the wound healing process as a result of the influence of the extract on expression TGFβ1 and bFGF cytokines in mouse embryo fibroblast cells [23].…”