Calculation of glomerular filtration rate in conscious rats by the use of a bolus injection of iodixanol and a single blood sample

Katayama, Ryuichi; Yamaguchi, Nami; Yamashita, Tetsuro; Watanabe, Shuji; Satoh, Hiroshi; Yamagishi, Norio; Furuhama, Kazuhisa

doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2009.10.002

Cited by 40 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to our previous study [11], the GFR estimated by a three-blood-sample method using iodixanol was in good agreement with that obtained from a conventional inulin clearance in clinically healthy and nephropathy rats. Accordingly, this study was essentially the same as that used for rats but was scaled up for calves.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…In the previous study [11], the GFR in unilaterally nephrectomized rats reversed to the basal value within 24-48 hr after the operation without changes in BUN and serum creatinine concentrations. The added load with a left nephrectomy showed markedly decreased GFR along with increases in BUN and serum creatinine concentrations from 1 day post-operation ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…Serum iodixanol concentration was measured with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography according to a previously reported procedure [9] with some modifications [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serum Clearance of Iodixanol for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Calves

Imai

Yamagishi

Kim

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To evaluate serum clearance of iodixanol, applicable to the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinically healthy and experimentally-induced nephropathy calves were prepared. Iodixanol was administered intravenously at 40 mg I/kg, and blood was withdrawn 60, 120, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. No statistical difference in GFR was noted between strains (Holstein vs. Japanese Black) or sexes, and the  2 -adrenergic agonist xylazine increased GFR. In calves subjected to right renal vessel ligation, followed by a left nephrectomy, a marked reduction in GFR was observed with renal ischemic changes. These results suggest that the GFR estimation by serum iodixanol clearance is a ready-to-use tool in calf research and practice owing to the ease of monitoring serial renal function.

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confidence: 75%

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Serum Clearance of Iodixanol for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Calves

Imai

Yamagishi

Kim

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Next, the GFR obtained from the single-sample method using iodixanol was compared with that from the three-sample method using the standard tracer inulin. This procedure with iodixanol was essentially the one used for rats, 9 but scaled up for rabbits.…”

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Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in rabbits by a single-sample method using iodixanol

et al. 2012

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To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in conscious rabbits, a single-sample method using the non-ionic contrast medium iodixanol was compared with a three-sample method using the standard agent inulin. Iodixanol and inulin were co-administered intravenously to male New Zealand White rabbits at 60 mg I/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and blood was collected 30, 60, 90 and 120 min later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were separately determined by high performance liquid chromatography and colorimetry, respectively. Serum urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations were also determined. Based on the data from healthy and cisplatin-treated rabbits, the GFR estimated by iodixanol was well consistent with that by inulin. Further, when the GFR decreased to more than 60% of the reference value, serum creatinine concentrations became elevated. However, serum UN concentrations exhibited wide fluctuations, presumably due to a difference in renal handlings. The single-sample method using iodixanol was considered to be an expedient tool in both clinical and research settings, because the stress due to a multi-sample method was reduced. Keywords: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), inulin, iodixanol, rabbits, serum clearanceLaboratory Animals 2012; 46: 341-344. DOI: 10.1258/la.2012.011065In humans, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best overall index of renal function in diseases and their treatment and management. Inulin 1 and the non-ionic monomeric X-ray contrast medium iohexol 2 are considered the gold standard tracers for estimating the GFR. For experimental animals, however, inulin requires specialized technical procedures and has low solubility that needs a relatively large volume of injectable solution and blood collection. Meanwhile, iohexol was reported to possess a deteriorating potential in patients with impaired renal function.3 Here, we focused on the isotonic non-ionic dimeric X-ray contrast medium iodixanol as a novel tracer, because little information is available on the measurement of rabbit GFR under conscious conditions without undergoing surgical manipulations. Iodixanol is rapidly excreted into urine without metabolic degradation and no or very little protein binding 4,5 as was the case in iohexol. Interestingly, iodixanol has been reported to be less nephrotoxic than the low-osmolar contrast media including iohexol in randomized double-blind, prospective multicenter studies using high-risk patients with chronic renal diseases. 3,6 Moreover, iodixanol has twice the amount of iodine in one molecule with low osmolarity compared with iohexol, presumably showing the same pharmacodynamic action as half the exposure dose of the whole body to iohexol.In humans, the concentration of a tracer in a single plasma sample taken a few hours after injection was previously reported to correlate with renal clearance.7 Based on this information, Jacobsson 8 devised a formula derived from a simple one-compartment model combined with the distribution volume and optimum time for taking ...

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“…18,19,[36][37][38][39] This paradox may be explained by the relative insensitivity creatinine and BUN at quantifying renal function in rodents. [40][41][42][43] While convenient, these surrogate markers of glomerular filtration do not become significantly elevated until 50-75% of kidney function is lost. 40 In addition, creatinine secretion varies in acute renal failure.…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel rodent model of severe renal ischemia reperfusion injury

et al. 2016

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Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major problem, currently without treatments in clinical use. This reflects the failure of animal models to mimic the severity of IRI observed in clinical practice. Most described models lack both the ability to inflict a permanent reduction in renal function and the sensitivity to demonstrate the protective efficacy of different therapies in vivo. To test novel cell-based therapies, we have developed a model of renal IRI in Fisher 344 rats. Animals were subjected to 120 min of unilateral warm ischemia, during which they underwent an intra-renal artery infusion of therapeutic agents or vehicle. At either 2 or 6 weeks post-surgery, animals underwent terminal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) studies by inulin clearance to most accurately quantify renal function. Harvested kidneys underwent histological analysis. Compared to sham operations, saline treated animals suffered a long-term reduction in GFR of &50%. Histology revealed short-and long-term disruption of renal architecture. Despite the injury severity, postoperative animal losses are 55%. This model produces a severe, consistent renal injury that closely replicates the pathological processes encountered in clinical medicine. Renal artery infusion mimics the route likely employed in clinical transplantation, where the renal artery is accessible. Inulin clearance characterizes GFR, allowing full assessment of therapeutic intervention. This model is useful for screening therapeutic agents prior to testing in a transplant model. This reduces animal numbers needed to test drugs for clinical transplantation and allows for refinement of dosing schedules.

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Calculation of glomerular filtration rate in conscious rats by the use of a bolus injection of iodixanol and a single blood sample

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Serum Clearance of Iodixanol for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Calves

Serum Clearance of Iodixanol for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Calves

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in rabbits by a single-sample method using iodixanol

A novel rodent model of severe renal ischemia reperfusion injury

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