Calcium transcriptionally regulates movement, recombination and other functions of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> under constant flow inside microfluidic chambers

Chen, Hongyu; Fuente, Leonardo De La

doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13512

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Host adaptation in this pathogen is mainly facilitated by multiple inter-and intra-subspecific homologous recombination events that created new genotypes able to invade new ecological niches [58,59]. Wild-type and experimentally generated hybrids show that transformation frequency is variable among strains/subspecies and increases with the concentration of environmental calcium, the number of sympatric strains and the lineage age [21,58,59,108,110]. Horizontal gene transfer is well described in the American strains.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcription control is environment-dependent and it should therefore be analyzed in vivo or in conditions that closely resemble natural settings to meaningfully represent the trait under analysis. As in planta studies are technically challenging in Xf, most analyses of gene expression in this bacterium have been performed in vitro in batch cultures, but this pathogen survives only in environments under continuous flow (xylem vessels and insects' feeding canal [17,110]). Whole transcriptome sequencing and qPCR in microfluidic chambers, which mimics the natural habitats of this bacterium, showed that gene expression and the regulatory role of environmental elements such as calcium are different between batch and flow settings [110].…”

Section: Gene Expression Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in planta studies are technically challenging in Xf, most analyses of gene expression in this bacterium have been performed in vitro in batch cultures, but this pathogen survives only in environments under continuous flow (xylem vessels and insects' feeding canal [17,110]). Whole transcriptome sequencing and qPCR in microfluidic chambers, which mimics the natural habitats of this bacterium, showed that gene expression and the regulatory role of environmental elements such as calcium are different between batch and flow settings [110]. This difference should be considered for planning new transcriptome studies and for correctly interpreting previous results.…”

Section: Gene Expression Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

et al. 2020

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Biological invasions represent some of the most severe threats to local communities and ecosystems. Among invasive species, the vector-borne pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is responsible for a wide variety of plant diseases and has profound environmental, social and economic impacts. Once restricted to the Americas, it has recently invaded Europe, where multiple dramatic outbreaks have highlighted critical challenges for its management. Here, we review the most recent advances on the identification, distribution and management of X. fastidiosa and its insect vectors in Europe through genetic and spatial ecology methodologies. We underline the most important theoretical and technological gaps that remain to be bridged. Challenges and future research directions are discussed in the light of improving our understanding of this invasive species, its vectors and host–pathogen interactions. We highlight the need of including different, complimentary outlooks in integrated frameworks to substantially improve our knowledge on invasive processes and optimize resources allocation. We provide an overview of genetic, spatial ecology and integrated approaches that will aid successful and sustainable management of one of the most dangerous threats to European agriculture and ecosystems.

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Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Expression Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Expression Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

et al. 2020

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“…There is a general agreement that insect vectors hosting cells of X. fastidiosa in their foregut inoculate these bacterial cells into the xylem vasculature while feeding on the leaf petioles of the host plant, from where it spreads into the xylem of branches and stem ( Almeida 2016 ). Since xylem vessels conduct water from roots to leaves, X. fastidiosa is supposedly able to spread along the xylem vasculature by efficiently moving against sap flow ( Meng et al 2005 ; Chen and De La Fuente 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to Xylella fastidiosa and functional xylem anatomy in Olea europaea: revisiting a tale of plant–pathogen interaction

et al. 2021

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Background Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium causing the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, which is currently devastating the agricultural landscape of Southern Italy. The bacterium is injected into the xylem vessels of leaf petioles after the penetration of the insect vector’s stylet. From here, it is supposed to colonize the xylem vasculature moving against water flow inside conductive vessels. Widespread vessel clogging following the bacterial infection and causing the failure of water transport seemed not to fully supported by the recent empirical xylem anatomical observations in infected olive trees. Aim We tested the hypothesis that the higher susceptibility to the X. fastidiosa's infection in Cellina di Nardò compared to Leccino is associated to the higher vulnerability to air embolism of its larger vessels. Such hypothesis is motivated by the recognized ability of X. fastidiosa in degrading pit membranes and also because air embolism would possibly provide microenvironmental conditions more favourable to its more efficient aerobic metabolism. Methods We revised the relevant literature on bacterium growth and xylem physiology, and carried out empirical field, mid-summer measurements of xylem anatomy and native embolism in olive cultivars with high (Cellina di Nardò) and low susceptibility (Leccino) to the infection by X. fastidiosa. Key results Both cultivars had similar shoot mass traits and vessel length (~80 cm), but the highly susceptible one had larger vessels and a lower number of vessels supplying a given leaf mass. Native air embolism reduced mean xylem hydraulic conductance by ~58 % (Cellina di Nardò) and ~38 % (Leccino). Conclusions The higher air-embolism vulnerability of the larger vessels in Cellina di Nardò possibly facilitate the X. fastidiosa’s infection compared to Leccino. Some important characteristics of the vector – pathogen – plant interactions still require deep investigations acknowledging both the pathogen metabolic pathways and the biophysical principles of xylem hydraulics.

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“…By increasing the calcium concentration to 2 mM, they confirmed that the twitching speed was significantly increased. In addition, RNA‐seq determined that calcium regulated the transcription of genes related to the type IV pili mechanism, pathogenicity and host adaptation (Chen and De La Fuente, 2020 ).…”

Section: Microfluidic Devices With Linear Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic devices for studying bacterial taxis, drug testing and biofilm formation

Pérez-Rodríguez

García-Aznar

Gonzalo-Asensio

2021

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary Some bacteria have coevolved to establish symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with plants, animals or humans. With human association, the bacteria can cause a variety of diseases. Thus, understanding bacterial phenotypes at the single‐cell level is essential to develop beneficial applications. Traditional microbiological techniques have provided great knowledge about these organisms; however, they have also shown limitations, such as difficulties in culturing some bacteria, the heterogeneity of bacterial populations or difficulties in recreating some physical or biological conditions. Microfluidics is an emerging technique that complements current biological assays. Since microfluidics works with micrometric volumes, it allows fine‐tuning control of the test conditions. Moreover, it allows the recruitment of three‐dimensional (3D) conditions, in which several processes can be integrated and gradients can be generated, thus imitating physiological 3D environments. Here, we review some key microfluidic‐based studies describing the effects of different microenvironmental conditions on bacterial response, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. For this aim, we present different studies classified into six groups according to the design of the microfluidic device: (i) linear channels, (ii) mixing channels, (iii) multiple floors, (iv) porous devices, (v) topographic devices and (vi) droplet microfluidics. Hence, we highlight the potential and possibilities of using microfluidic‐based technology to study bacterial phenotypes in comparison with traditional methodologies.

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Calcium transcriptionally regulates movement, recombination and other functions of Xylella fastidiosa under constant flow inside microfluidic chambers

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

Susceptibility to Xylella fastidiosa and functional xylem anatomy in Olea europaea: revisiting a tale of plant–pathogen interaction

Microfluidic devices for studying bacterial taxis, drug testing and biofilm formation

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