Calcium, gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis

Kruger, Marlena C.; Coetzer, H.; Winter, Robbert de; Gericke, Gerda J.; Papendorp, D. H. Van

doi:10.1007/bf03339885

Cited by 130 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Much of the research has emanated from animal models fed diets with n-3 LCPUFA far in excess of that in the human diet [157]. Nonetheless, randomised clinical trials [39] and cohort studies [38,41,44] support an important role for LCPUFA in human bone health. At this time, more data is required to incorporate n-3 LCPUFA into guidelines for the attainment and maintenance of bone mass in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some human studies indicate that PUFAs can increase bone formation, affect peak bone mass in adolescents [38] and reduce bone loss as measured using bone mineral densitometry [39]. In contrast, some of the studies in humans did not find any effect on bone markers [40] while some showed reduction in bone loss by measuring deoxypyridinolines and N-telopeptide of Type I collagen in the urine [8,38,39,41]. Two studies found a positive correlation between monounsaturated fat in the diet and bone density [42,43].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone

Kruger

Coetzee

Haag

et al. 2010

Progress in Lipid Research

142

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone

Kruger

Coetzee

Haag

et al. 2010

Progress in Lipid Research

142

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] There is increasing evidence that lack of certain PUFAs in the diet can induce bone loss, [9][10][11] while dietary supplementation of some PUFAs has been shown to be beneficial for bone. 5,6,[12][13][14] Clinical studies have shown, for instance, that supplementation of calcium, g-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the diets of elderly women decreases bone turnover and increases bone mineral density. 12,13 A recent study by Högstrom et al 14 demonstrated that n-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are positively associated with bone mineral accrual, and thus, with peak bone mineral density in healthy young men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6,[12][13][14] Clinical studies have shown, for instance, that supplementation of calcium, g-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the diets of elderly women decreases bone turnover and increases bone mineral density. 12,13 A recent study by Högstrom et al 14 demonstrated that n-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are positively associated with bone mineral accrual, and thus, with peak bone mineral density in healthy young men. Some in vivo studies have shown that supplementation with PUFAs such as GLA, EPA, and DHA, could decrease bone turnover in ovariectomized animals by decreasing bone resorption 3,5 while others have shown that n-3 PUFA treatment in rats could result in greater bone formation rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Some suggested mechanisms of action for the PUFAs in these models include the following: modulation of calcium absorption from the intestine, increased bone mineralization, enhancement of bone collagen synthesis, and reduction of urinary calcium excretion, thereby increasing the pool of available calcium for bone mineralization in the body. 1,4,5,12,13 Others have shown that acidic phospholipids facilitate cartilage mineralization in the growth plate, 15 while prostaglandins, which are synthesized from fatty acids, affect insulin-like growth factors and bone formation in animals. 16,17 The effects of PUFAs at the cellular level are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells

Coetzee

Haag

Kruger

2008

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Osteoblasts in culture can differentiate into mature mineralizing osteoblasts when stimulated with osteogenic agents. Clinical trials and in vivo animal studies suggest that specific polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may benefit bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect osteogenesis in osteoblasts and the transdifferentiation into adipocytes. Results from this study show that long-term exposure to AA inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in these cells, which might be prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 )-mediated. DHA exposure also inhibited ALP activity which was evident after both short-and long-term exposures. The mechanism whereby DHA inhibits ALP activity is not clear and needs to be investigated. Although long-term exposure to PUFAs inhibited ALP activity, the mineralizing properties of these cells were not compromised. Furthermore, PUFA exposure did not induce adipocyte-like features in these cells as evidenced by the lack of cytoplasmic triacylglycerol accummulation. More research is required to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of action of PUFAs on bone.

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Omega 3 fatty acids for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease

Hooper

2004

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

191

143

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Background It has been suggested that omega 3 (W3, n-3 or omega-3) fats from oily fish and plants are beneficial to health. Objectives To assess whether dietary or supplemental omega 3 fatty acids alter total mortality, cardiovascular events or cancers using both RCT and cohort studies. Search methods Five databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to February 2002. No language restrictions were applied. Bibliographies were checked and authors contacted. Selection criteria RCTs were included where omega 3 intake or advice was randomly allocated and unconfounded, and study duration was at least six months. Cohorts were included where a cohort was followed up for at least six months and omega 3 intake estimated. Data collection and analysis Studies were assessed for inclusion, data extracted and quality assessed independently in duplicate. Random effects meta-analysis was performed separately for RCT and cohort data. Main results Forty eight randomised controlled trials (36,913 participants) and 41 cohort analyses were included. Pooled trial results did not show a reduction in the risk of total mortality or combined cardiovascular events in those taking additional omega 3 fats (with significant statistical heterogeneity). Sensitivity analysis, retaining only studies at low risk of bias, reduced heterogeneity and again suggested no significant effect of omega 3 fats. Restricting analysis to trials increasing fish-based omega 3 fats, or those increasing short chain omega 3s, did not suggest significant effects on mortality or cardiovascular events in either group. Subgroup analysis by dietary advice or supplementation, baseline risk of CVD or omega 3 dose suggested no clear effects of these factors on primary outcomes. Neither RCTs nor cohorts suggested increased relative risk of cancers with higher omega 3 intake but estimates were imprecise so a clinically important effect could not be excluded. Authors’ conclusions It is not clear that dietary or supplemental omega 3 fats alter total mortality, combined cardiovascular events or cancers in people with, or at high risk of, cardiovascular disease or in the general population. There is no evidence we should advise people to stop taking rich sources of omega 3 fats, but further high quality trials are needed to confirm suggestions of a protective effect of omega 3 fats on cardiovascular health. There is no clear evidence that omega 3 fats differ in effectiveness according to fish or plant sources, dietary or supplemental sources, dose or presence of placebo.

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Calcium, gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis

Cited by 130 publications

References 32 publications

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone

Effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells

Omega 3 fatty acids for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease

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