Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Tardive Dyskinesia

“…37 From those, 45 trials were included in the current reviews. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Unfortunately, none of the trials pooled on these reviews has produced any definitive information on how to treat TD. However, even if evidence for the efficacy of interventions is lacking or of poor quality, it is important to avoid nihilism.…”

“…We have conducted and have periodically updated a series of systematic reviews evaluating all possible treatment options for TD. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] These reviews were performed under the auspices of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, and we followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. 38 To perform those reviews the following methodology was applied: The data from several electronic databases (Biological Abstracts, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, LILACS, Medline, and PsycLIT) were systematically searched from January 1966 to December 2005 (details of the search strategies are available from the authors).…”

“…Inclusion criteria, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by at least two of the authors. We included any randomized controlled trial comparing one of the following active treatments with placebo on patients with TD: anticholinergics, 37 benzodiazepines, 34 calcium channel blockers, 32 cholinergics, 35 GABAergic compounds, 31 neuroleptic medications (including dose reduction and cessation), 28 non-neuroleptic compounds that impact on the dopamine and noradrenaline systems (catecholaminergics), 29 and vitamin E. 36 The main outcome measures were: (1) at least 50% improvement of TD symptoms, and (2) any improvement.…”

Tardive Dyskinesia

“…37 From those, 45 trials were included in the current reviews. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Unfortunately, none of the trials pooled on these reviews has produced any definitive information on how to treat TD. However, even if evidence for the efficacy of interventions is lacking or of poor quality, it is important to avoid nihilism.…”

“…We have conducted and have periodically updated a series of systematic reviews evaluating all possible treatment options for TD. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] These reviews were performed under the auspices of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, and we followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. 38 To perform those reviews the following methodology was applied: The data from several electronic databases (Biological Abstracts, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, LILACS, Medline, and PsycLIT) were systematically searched from January 1966 to December 2005 (details of the search strategies are available from the authors).…”

“…Inclusion criteria, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by at least two of the authors. We included any randomized controlled trial comparing one of the following active treatments with placebo on patients with TD: anticholinergics, 37 benzodiazepines, 34 calcium channel blockers, 32 cholinergics, 35 GABAergic compounds, 31 neuroleptic medications (including dose reduction and cessation), 28 non-neuroleptic compounds that impact on the dopamine and noradrenaline systems (catecholaminergics), 29 and vitamin E. 36 The main outcome measures were: (1) at least 50% improvement of TD symptoms, and (2) any improvement.…”

Treatment of neurolept-induced tardive dyskinesia

“……”

Drug Therapies for Tardive Dyskinesia: Part 2

“…Calcium channels may be directly or indirectly involved in modulating dopamine neuronal function, and CCB drugs have been suggested as a treatment for TD. An analysis of eight published nonrandomized studies and five small randomized studies concluded that the outcome data from these studies could not be used to support or refute the efficacy of CCB drugs for the treatment of TD (Soares-Weiser & Rathbone, 2004).…”

Tardive Dyskinesia

“…37 From those, 45 trials were included in the current reviews. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Unfortunately, none of the trials pooled on these reviews has produced any definitive information on how to treat TD. However, even if evidence for the efficacy of interventions is lacking or of poor quality, it is important to avoid nihilism.…”

“…We have conducted and have periodically updated a series of systematic reviews evaluating all possible treatment options for TD. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] These reviews were performed under the auspices of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, and we followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. 38 To perform those reviews the following methodology was applied: The data from several electronic databases (Biological Abstracts, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, LILACS, Medline, and PsycLIT) were systematically searched from January 1966 to December 2005 (details of the search strategies are available from the authors).…”

“…Inclusion criteria, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by at least two of the authors. We included any randomized controlled trial comparing one of the following active treatments with placebo on patients with TD: anticholinergics, 37 benzodiazepines, 34 calcium channel blockers, 32 cholinergics, 35 GABAergic compounds, 31 neuroleptic medications (including dose reduction and cessation), 28 non-neuroleptic compounds that impact on the dopamine and noradrenaline systems (catecholaminergics), 29 and vitamin E. 36 The main outcome measures were: (1) at least 50% improvement of TD symptoms, and (2) any improvement.…”

Treatment of neurolept-induced tardive dyskinesia

“……”

Drug Therapies for Tardive Dyskinesia: Part 2

“…Calcium channels may be directly or indirectly involved in modulating dopamine neuronal function, and CCB drugs have been suggested as a treatment for TD. An analysis of eight published nonrandomized studies and five small randomized studies concluded that the outcome data from these studies could not be used to support or refute the efficacy of CCB drugs for the treatment of TD (Soares-Weiser & Rathbone, 2004).…”

Tardive Dyskinesia

“…37 From those, 45 trials were included in the current reviews. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Unfortunately, none of the trials pooled on these reviews has produced any definitive information on how to treat TD. However, even if evidence for the efficacy of interventions is lacking or of poor quality, it is important to avoid nihilism.…”

“…We have conducted and have periodically updated a series of systematic reviews evaluating all possible treatment options for TD. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] These reviews were performed under the auspices of the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, and we followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. 38 To perform those reviews the following methodology was applied: The data from several electronic databases (Biological Abstracts, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, LILACS, Medline, and PsycLIT) were systematically searched from January 1966 to December 2005 (details of the search strategies are available from the authors).…”

“…Inclusion criteria, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by at least two of the authors. We included any randomized controlled trial comparing one of the following active treatments with placebo on patients with TD: anticholinergics, 37 benzodiazepines, 34 calcium channel blockers, 32 cholinergics, 35 GABAergic compounds, 31 neuroleptic medications (including dose reduction and cessation), 28 non-neuroleptic compounds that impact on the dopamine and noradrenaline systems (catecholaminergics), 29 and vitamin E. 36 The main outcome measures were: (1) at least 50% improvement of TD symptoms, and (2) any improvement.…”

Treatment of neurolept-induced tardive dyskinesia

“……”

Drug Therapies for Tardive Dyskinesia: Part 2

“…Calcium channels may be directly or indirectly involved in modulating dopamine neuronal function, and CCB drugs have been suggested as a treatment for TD. An analysis of eight published nonrandomized studies and five small randomized studies concluded that the outcome data from these studies could not be used to support or refute the efficacy of CCB drugs for the treatment of TD (Soares-Weiser & Rathbone, 2004).…”