Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Clozapine Monotherapy as a Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia

“…The effects of many potential treatments for TD have been studied in meta-analyses of the Cochrane collaboration. 5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] None of these meta-analyses found decisive evidence supporting any of these treatments, nor did they investigate the effect of switching to clozapine; however, vitamin E may prevent further deterioration of TD symptoms. 20 The outcomes of their analyses were either negative or inconclusive, partly due to there being too few/ small studies.…”

Clozapine Monotherapy as a Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia

“…The effects of many potential treatments for TD have been studied in meta-analyses of the Cochrane collaboration. 5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] None of these meta-analyses found decisive evidence supporting any of these treatments, nor did they investigate the effect of switching to clozapine; however, vitamin E may prevent further deterioration of TD symptoms. 20 The outcomes of their analyses were either negative or inconclusive, partly due to there being too few/ small studies.…”

Regional brain dysregulation of Ca2+-handling systems in ketamine-induced rat model of experimental psychosis

“…Despite these findings, data regarding the clinical effectiveness of calcium channel blockers in schizophrenia treatment are scarce. So far, several reports have only demonstrated the efficient use of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and nimodipine as an adjunct therapy, alleviating side effects such as tardive dyskinesia caused by neuroleptic drugs (Hollister and Trevino 1999 ; Essali et al 2011 ). In our study, an increased expression of subunits 1c and 1d (L-type VDDCs) was observed in the cortex and cerebellum, respectively but this might have a rather minor contribution to the overall dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, possibly because ketamine has been shown to inhibit the L-type dependent Ca 2+ current (Yamakage et al 1995 ).…”

Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications

“…A number of potential tardive dyskinesia treatments have very limited or conflicting evidence bases, including calcium channel blockers, other VMAT inhibitors such as reserpine, cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs, amantadine, and levetiracetam.…”

Clozapine Monotherapy as a Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia

“…The effects of many potential treatments for TD have been studied in meta-analyses of the Cochrane collaboration. 5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] None of these meta-analyses found decisive evidence supporting any of these treatments, nor did they investigate the effect of switching to clozapine; however, vitamin E may prevent further deterioration of TD symptoms. 20 The outcomes of their analyses were either negative or inconclusive, partly due to there being too few/ small studies.…”

Regional brain dysregulation of Ca2+-handling systems in ketamine-induced rat model of experimental psychosis

“…Despite these findings, data regarding the clinical effectiveness of calcium channel blockers in schizophrenia treatment are scarce. So far, several reports have only demonstrated the efficient use of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and nimodipine as an adjunct therapy, alleviating side effects such as tardive dyskinesia caused by neuroleptic drugs (Hollister and Trevino 1999 ; Essali et al 2011 ). In our study, an increased expression of subunits 1c and 1d (L-type VDDCs) was observed in the cortex and cerebellum, respectively but this might have a rather minor contribution to the overall dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, possibly because ketamine has been shown to inhibit the L-type dependent Ca 2+ current (Yamakage et al 1995 ).…”

Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications

“…A number of potential tardive dyskinesia treatments have very limited or conflicting evidence bases, including calcium channel blockers, other VMAT inhibitors such as reserpine, cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs, amantadine, and levetiracetam.…”

Clozapine Monotherapy as a Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia

“…The effects of many potential treatments for TD have been studied in meta-analyses of the Cochrane collaboration. 5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] None of these meta-analyses found decisive evidence supporting any of these treatments, nor did they investigate the effect of switching to clozapine; however, vitamin E may prevent further deterioration of TD symptoms. 20 The outcomes of their analyses were either negative or inconclusive, partly due to there being too few/ small studies.…”

Regional brain dysregulation of Ca2+-handling systems in ketamine-induced rat model of experimental psychosis

“…Despite these findings, data regarding the clinical effectiveness of calcium channel blockers in schizophrenia treatment are scarce. So far, several reports have only demonstrated the efficient use of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and nimodipine as an adjunct therapy, alleviating side effects such as tardive dyskinesia caused by neuroleptic drugs (Hollister and Trevino 1999 ; Essali et al 2011 ). In our study, an increased expression of subunits 1c and 1d (L-type VDDCs) was observed in the cortex and cerebellum, respectively but this might have a rather minor contribution to the overall dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, possibly because ketamine has been shown to inhibit the L-type dependent Ca 2+ current (Yamakage et al 1995 ).…”

Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications

“…A number of potential tardive dyskinesia treatments have very limited or conflicting evidence bases, including calcium channel blockers, other VMAT inhibitors such as reserpine, cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs, amantadine, and levetiracetam.…”