Calcium buffering is required to maintain bone stiffness in saline solution

Gustafson, M. B.; Martin, R. B.; Gibson, V. A.; Storms, D.H.; Stover, Susan M.; Gibeling, J. C.; Griffin, L. V.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(96)00020-6

Cited by 97 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…25 A calcium buffer in the saline solution, which is recommended for long-term experiments, 26 was not used in this experiment. However, it is unlikely that the leaching of calcium would significantly affect the results as the total amount of time spent for measurements was less than 45 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

Yeni

Shaffer

Baker

et al. 2007

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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We have previously shown, using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), that the presence of a defect in cortical bone tissue affects the apparent viscoelastic properties of that bone. However, mechanically induced damage is more complex than a machined defect making it difficult to predict its effect on bone viscoelasticity. We performed DMA measurements before and after introduction of yield damage into cortical bone beams from sheep radii. The specimens were placed in a DMA machine and baseline measurements of storage modulus (E1) and loss factor (tandelta) were performed using a 3-point bending configuration for a frequency range of 1-10 Hz. Measurements were done in all four bending directions (cranial, caudal, medial, and lateral) in random order. After subjecting the specimens to monotonic yield damage in a servohydraulic testing machine with the load applied to the cranial surface, oscillatory tests were repeated. To supplement results from the current experiment, additional analyses were performed on data from experiments where bone was either cut or fatigue-loaded between viscoelasticity measurements. Introduction of mechanical damage increased tan delta and frequency sensitivity of E1, consistent with the assertion that increased energy dissipation in damaged bone might contribute to its increased resistance to fatigue and fracture.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

Yeni

Shaffer

Baker

et al. 2007

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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show abstract

“…A calcium buffer in the saline solution which is recommended for long-term experiments 23 was not used in this experiment. However, it is unlikely that the leaching of calcium would significantly affect the results because the total amount of time spent for measurements was Ͻ45 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent viscoelastic anisotropy as measured from nondestructive oscillatory tests can reflect the presence of a flaw in cortical bone

Yeni

Christopherson

Turner

et al. 2004

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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There is evidence that damage, viscoelastic stiffness properties, and postyield mechanical properties are related in bone tissue. Our objective was to test whether presence of a flaw would have an influence on the apparent viscoelastic properties of bone. Examining the effect of flaw orientation on apparent viscoelastic properties and utilization of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as a nondestructive means for detection of damage were our secondary objectives. Cortical bone beams (2 x 2 x 19 mm) machined from the cranial cortex of the radii of six Warhill sheep were used. The specimens were placed in a DMA machine and baseline measurements of storage modulus (E1) and loss factor (tan delta), once for loads in the craniocaudal and once in the mediolateral directions, were performed using a three-point bending configuration for a frequency range of 1-10 Hz. Craniocaudal/mediolateral measurement ratio was calculated as a measure of anisotropy for tan delta and E1. After cutting a thin through-thickness macroscopic notch on the caudal surface at the center of each beam, oscillatory tests were repeated. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test was used with group (craniocaudal, mediolateral, notched craniocaudal, and notched mediolateral measurements) and frequency as factors. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used for examining the relationship between viscoelastic parameters and frequency. Tan delta and E1 were not different between craniocaudal and mediolateral measurements before the flaw was introduced (p > 0.8 and p = 1, respectively). In the presence of the flaw, tan delta was significantly increased (p < 0.003) whereas E1 was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) for craniocaudal measurements. Tan delta and E1 were nearly isotropic in the tested directions before the introduction of a flaw into the bone tissue. Introduction of a flaw resulted in increased tan delta and E1 anisotropy. Presence of a notch resulted in a significant increase in tan delta anisotropy with increasing frequency. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that cortical bone tissue exhibits a different apparent viscoelastic behavior in the presence of a flaw and depending on the flaw's orientation. Our finding that the presence of a notch and its orientation can be detected by nondestructive DMA suggests that in vivo techniques may be developed for detection of cortical bone damage.

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“…This was done to simulate the thermal and hemodynamic conditions present during surgery [I]. The blood analog solution contained 0.08 wt'% polyacrylamide to simulate the non-Newtonian viscosity of human blood [I91 and 0.16 wt'%l CaCI? with 0.9 wt% NaCl [8] to maintain calcium levels in the bone tissue. Vacuum mixed cement (Simplex P. Stryker-Howmedica-Osteonics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep dominates tensile fatigue damage of the cement–bone interface

2004

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Fatigue damage from activities of daily living has been considered to be a major cause of aseptic loosening in cemented total hip arthroplasty. The cement-bone interface is one region where loosening could occur, but to date the fatigue response of the interface has not been examined. Cement-bone specimens were prepared from fresh frozen human cadaver tissue using simulated in vivo conditions. Tensile fatigue tests to failure were performed in an environmental chamber. Loss of specimen stiffness (stiffness damage) and permanent displacement after unloading (creep damage) were found in all specimens. At failure, creep damage accounted for the majority (79.9 ? 10.6%) of the total strain damage accumulation at failure (apparent strain, c = 0.01 14 It 0.00488). A power law relationship between strain-damage rate and time-to-failure showed that the strain-damage rate was an excellent predictor of the fatigue life of the cement-bone interface. The S-N response of the interface was obtained as a function of the applied stress ratio and the initial apparent strain. The total motion between cement and bone (72.2 ? 29.8 pm) prior to incipient failure due to both stiffness and creep fatigue damage may be sufficient to result in fibrous tissue formation and contribute to eventual clinical loosening.

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Calcium buffering is required to maintain bone stiffness in saline solution

Cited by 97 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

Apparent viscoelastic anisotropy as measured from nondestructive oscillatory tests can reflect the presence of a flaw in cortical bone

Creep dominates tensile fatigue damage of the cement–bone interface

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