Calcification of Materials in Blood Contacting Implants

Sd, Bruck

doi:10.1177/039139888500800201

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…32 In addition, calcification of biomaterials is another key factor to be considered, particularly if the materials undergo repeated flexing. 37 Approaches to the prevention of calcification, such as localized sustained release of calcium chelating agents, are being studied. 38,39 In summary, the key factors that need to be considered when designing the "ideal" vascular graft are mismatch of material properties between the host artery and the graft and surface thrombosis of vascular grafts.…”

Section: Blood-interfacing Implants: Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Application of Commercial Polymers and Novel Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Soft Tissue Replacement

2004

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Novel polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomers are introduced as prospective implant materials for soft tissue replacement and reconstruction. In comparison, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethanes (PU), and silicones are outlined from well-established implant history as being relatively inert and biocompatible biomaterials for soft tissue replacement, especially in vascular grafts and breast implants. Some general considerations for the design and development of polymers for soft tissue replacement are reviewed from the viewpoint of material science and engineering, with special attention to synthetic materials used in vascular grafts and breast implants.

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Section: Blood-interfacing Implants: Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Application of Commercial Polymers and Novel Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Soft Tissue Replacement

2004

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“…For many years, calcification has been an issue of concern in the long-term viability of ventricles. [35][36] A number of theories attempting to explain polyurethane calcification have focused on a cell-mediated extrinsic mechanism, which depends on the morphology, chemistry, and imperfections of the material surface. 37 Surface defects are thought to create sites for the entrapment of thrombi, 9 which serves as nidi for the formation of calcific deposits.…”

Section: Role Of Surface Chemistry In Polyurethane Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the resistance to calcification of polyurethane membranes used in the manufacture of ventricles for a totally implantable artificial heart

Yang

Zhang

Hahn

et al. 1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Ventricles made from segmented polyurethane membranes and used in the fabrication of a totally implantable artificial heart are known to undergo biomaterial-associated calcification. As there is no effective method currently available to prevent such biomaterials from calcifying, a practical solution is to use only materials with a relatively high resistance to calcification, to extend ventricular durability and ensure a longer functional life for the manufactured device. In the present study, an in vitro calcification protocol was used to determine the relative resistance to calcification of six different polyurethanes, namely, Carbothane PC3570A, Chronoflex AR, Corethane 80A, Corethane 55D, Tecoflex EG80A, and Tecothane TT1074A. The results demonstrated that all six polyurethanes did become calcified during the 60-day incubation period in the calcification solution. The degree of calcification was found to be associated with the surface chemistry of the particular polyurethane, with the Tecothane TT1074A exhibiting the highest level. The Corethane 80A and 55D polymers showed a relatively low propensity to calcify. These two membranes can, therefore, be considered as the most appropriate materials for the fabrication of ventricles for a totally implantable artificial heart. In addition, since the calcification occurred primarily at the surface of the membranes, without affecting the bulk microphase structure, the issue of modifying the surface chemistry to reduce the incidence of calcification is discussed.

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“…Such external deposition of calcium is found within the inflammatory cells of the bacteria, superficial platelet thrombi, etc. ( 8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Pericardial Calcification Due to Antiplatelet Agents: In Vitro Studies

1998

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To develop tissue valves for prolonged use in the cardiovascular system, the complicated process of surface induced calcification must be better understood. Calcification was examined for 60 days on glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium (GABP) and enzyme extracted tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde (GATBP) incubated in metastable solutions of calcium phosphate, and the roles of aspirin and persantine in conjunction with vitamins C, B, or E, gentamycin (antibiotic), or pentothal sodium (anesthetic) in the medium were examined. Further, the diffusion of calcium across the GATBP was evaluated using a diffusion cell with 2 compartments. Pericardial calcification was also observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. It seems that the examined antiplatelet agents can modify the pericardial surfaces and subsequently their mineralization processes (GATBP, 31.7 micrograms/mg tissue; in the presence of 5 mg% vitamin C, 13.1 micrograms/mg tissue; in 1.5 mg% aspirin, 17.2 micrograms/mg tissue; and 1 mg% gentamycin, 14.8 micrograms/mg tissue) on exposure with the metastable calcium phosphate solution for 60 days. In addition, these agents may modify calcium transport and interfere with the adsorption at the surface, hence reducing calcium nodulation on GATBP. Scanning electron micrographs also revealed a reduction in calcium deposition on the pericardium due to these antiplatelet agents. It may be hypothesized that the influx of calcium on GATBP may be due to the cellular components or the involvement of plasma proteins like the fibrinogen molecule. The exact mechanism of these changes in the calcification of the pericardium are still unknown. From these in vitro findings, it appears that a combined vitamin therapy with low doses of aspirin may be beneficial for platelet suppression and thereby for prevention of thrombosis and calcification. However, more in vivo studies are needed to develop applications.

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Calcification of Materials in Blood Contacting Implants

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Biomedical Application of Commercial Polymers and Novel Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Soft Tissue Replacement

Biomedical Application of Commercial Polymers and Novel Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Soft Tissue Replacement

Assessing the resistance to calcification of polyurethane membranes used in the manufacture of ventricles for a totally implantable artificial heart

Changes in Pericardial Calcification Due to Antiplatelet Agents: In Vitro Studies

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