2010
DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1379
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Abstract: Abstract. Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B and, as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons and glial cells of all brain areas. In consequence, caffeine, when acting as an AR antagonist, is doing the opposite of activation of adenosine receptors due to removal of endogenous adenosinergic tonus. Besides AR antagonism, xanthines, including caffeine, have other biological actions: they inhibit phosphodiesterases (PDEs) (e… Show more

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Cited by 372 publications
(234 citation statements)
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References 120 publications
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“…Caffeine increases sensibility of the respiratory center to carbon gas 6 . However, peripherally, caffeine has an inhibitory effect on respiration through the blockade of adenosine A2 receptors in the carotid body 8 .…”
Section: Respiratorymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Caffeine increases sensibility of the respiratory center to carbon gas 6 . However, peripherally, caffeine has an inhibitory effect on respiration through the blockade of adenosine A2 receptors in the carotid body 8 .…”
Section: Respiratorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The effect on enzymes and ionic channels is generally inhibitory. However, Na/K-ATPase stimulation by caffeine and theophylline occurs in millimolar concentrations 6,8 . The activation of calcium entrance and potassium and calcium channels was also reported to have been caused by caffeine.…”
Section: Other Action Sitesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…7 Since then, pharmaceutical function of caffeine has intensively been studied, and showed that it strongly inhibits phosphodiesterase activity, leading to acceleration of cAMP signaling pathways. 8 As to the physiological function of caffeine in plants, 2 roles have so far been proposed. 9 First, caffeine directly restricts development and growth of other organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, mollusks and plants by its toxicity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%