Cadmium, mercury and lead in medicinal herbs in Brazil

Caldas, Eloísa Dutra; Machado, Luciana Lucas

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.004

Cited by 184 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several studies have shoWN A concern about the presence of contaminants in plants, teas, extracts, powders, herbal products, among others (Alwakeel, 2008;Caldas, Machado, 2004;Carvalho et al, 2010;Hussain et al, 2006;Jabeen et al, 2010;Lokeshappa et al, 2012;Rubio et al, 2012;Vulcano et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of metals in medicinal plants highly consumed in Brazil

Leal

Prado

Gomes

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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In this work, samples of the medicinal plants: Boldo (Peumus boldus), Castanha da Índia (Aesculus hippocastanum), Chá Verde (Camelia sinensis), Erva Cidreira (Melissa officinalis), Espinheira Santa (Maytenus ilicifolia), Guaraná (Paullinia cupana), Maracujá (Passiflora sp.), Mulungu (Erythrina velutina), Sene (Cassia angustifolia) and Valeriana (Valeriana officinalis) were evaluated BY using the Neutron Activation Analysis technique (NAA-k 0 ) in order to determine the levels of metals and other chemical contaminants. The results showed the presence of non essential elements to the human body. The diversity of chemical impurities found even at low concentration levels, considering the potential for chronic toxicity of these elements, reinforces the need to improve the implementation of good practices by growers and traders, and the hypothesis of lack of quality control in plant products. (AAN-k 0 ), a fim de se determinar os teores de metais e outros elementos químicos contaminantes. Os resultados revelaram a presença de elementos não essenciais ao organismo humano. A diversidade de impurezas químicas encontradas, mesmo em níveis de baixa concentração, considerando o potencial de toxicidade crônica desses elementos, reforça a necessidade de melhorias na aplicação de boas práticas pelos produtores e comerciantes e a hipótese de falta de controle de qualidade nos produtos vegetais.Unitermos: Análise por ativação neutrônica/análise quantitativa. Plantas medicinais. Metais/determinação em plantas medicinais. Contaminantes químicos/determinação em plantas medicinais. Produtos vegetais/ controle de qualidade.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of metals in medicinal plants highly consumed in Brazil

Leal

Prado

Gomes

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…The most known techniques for analysis of heavy metals including Cd Pb and Hg is Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) using flame and cold vapor atomizer (Caldas and Machado, 2004;Garcia-Rico et al, 2007). The heavy metals of Cd and Pb can also be analyzed using spectro-polarimetric titrimetric method (Palma and Pearson, 1970), coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Froes et al, 2009), near-infrared spectroscopy (Li et al, 2011) and visible spectrophotometry (Hashem, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Mercury Analyzer for Analysis of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Red Chili Pepper

Rawar¹,

Rohman²

2015

Asian J. of Agricultural Research

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“…For lead, it should not be more than 2.0ppm. mercury ≤ 0.5ppm, cadmium ≤ 0.20ppm and aluminium ≤ 0.20ppm (Alwakeel, 2008;Ang, 2003, Caldas et. al., 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality evaluation of Poza bitters, a new poly herbal formulation in the Nigerian market

Elufioye

Awosika²

2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Development of a quality assurance system for new botanicals for health and nutrition is challenging. Producers must understand consumer demands and develop methods of production that meet those demands of product quality and efficacy, which exceeds or corresponds to international standards. The present article is an attempt to evaluate the quality of Poza bitters, a new polyherbal formulation, used as a purgative, by physical and analytical methods. Materials and Methods: Poza bitters was screened for the presence of secondary metabolites and microbial contamination. The pH, micronutrient and heavy metal composition analysis, as well as chromatographic fingerprinting using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were also carried out. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoid glycosides. The pH value was 3.66. The sample assayed had acceptable level of microorganisms and toxic metals were absent. Thin layer chromatography of the sample using methanol/water/acetic acid (30:70:5) showed three spots with R f values similar to some of references used. High performance liquid chromatography fingerprint showed two retention times of poza bitters which were not similar to those of the reference standards: hesperidin and narigenin, thus suggesting the absence of these flavonoids in poza bitters. Conclusion: Poza bitters comply with WHO microbial standard as well as standards for heavy metals. Also, the presence of Aloe ferox and citrus was confirmed on TLC.

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Cadmium, mercury and lead in medicinal herbs in Brazil

Cited by 184 publications

References 15 publications

Determination of metals in medicinal plants highly consumed in Brazil

Determination of metals in medicinal plants highly consumed in Brazil

Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Mercury Analyzer for Analysis of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Red Chili Pepper

Quality evaluation of Poza bitters, a new poly herbal formulation in the Nigerian market

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