Cadaverine as a Putative Component of Oral Malodor

Goldberg, Sarah; Kozlovsky, Avital; Gordon, Dalia; Gelernter, Ilana; Sintov, Amnon; Rosenberg, Mel

doi:10.1177/00220345940730060701

Cited by 178 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…The nutrients for the bacteria are provided by oral fluids, tissue and food debris. Isolates of Klebsiella and Enterobacter emitted foul odors in vitro which resembled bad breath with concomitant production of volatile sulfides and cadaverine, both compounds related to bad breath in denture wearers [8]. The amount of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and methyl mercaptan/hydrogen sulfide ratio in mouth air from patients with periodontal involvement were reported to be eight times greater than those of control subjects [18].…”

Section: Microbiota Associated With Oral Malodormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unpleasant smell of breath mainly originates from volatile sulphide compounds (VSCs), especially hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), methylmercaptan (CH 3 SH), and dimethylsulfide [(CH 3 ) 2 S], (make up more than 90 percent of the putrid odors from the mouth [7]) as first discovered by Tonzetich [3]. Nonsulfur-containing compounds such as cadaverine, putrescine, indole, skatole, and volatile fatty acids such as butyric or propionic acid have also been implicated in the foul smell of oral malodour [8]. Most of these compounds result from the proteolytic degradation by oral microorganisms of peptides present in saliva, shed epithelium, food debris, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), interdental plaque, postnasal drip, and blood.…”

Section: Where Does It Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Malodor: A Common Oral Problem

Saini¹

2012

J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci

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Oral malodor, also called halitosis or bad breath, is universally experienced condition that has a variety of etiologic factors. It is extremely common and majority of adult population have had it at some point in time. Halitosis may be physiological, pathological, and sometimes psychological also. Although numerous non-oral sites and many different causes have been correlated to bad breath, an estimated 80 percent to 90 percent of all bad breath odors originate from the mouth, and bacteria are directly responsible for most of the offensive gases. Specific groups of bacteria have been identified with the production of oral malodor, in particular, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria. The unpleasant smell of breath mainly originates from volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs), especially hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), methylmercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethylsulfide [(CH 3 ) 2 S] result from the proteolytic degradation of peptides present in saliva, shed epithelium, food debris and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of oral malodor and gives a brief description of Halitosis Associated Life-quality Test (HALT) questionnaire, a specific 20-item quality-of-life measure for halitosis. The tongue plaque coatingResearch suggests that the tongue is the primary site in the production of oral malodor. The dorsoposterior surface of the tongue has been identified as the principal location for the intraoral generation of VSCs [12]. A variety of index systems for tongue coating has been developed over the years. Miyazaki et al divides the tongue into three sections and the presence or absence of tongue coating is registered as follows: Score 0 = none visible, Score 1 = less than one third of tongue dorsum is covered, Score 2 = between one and two thirds, Score 3 = more than two thirds [13]. Winkel et al divides the tongue into six sections, three in the posterior and three in the anterior part of the tongue. Each sextant is categorized as: Score 0 = no coating present, Score 1 = presence of a light coating, Score 2 = presence of a distinct coating. The resulting Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI) is obtained by adding all six scores (Figure 1) [14].

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Section: Microbiota Associated With Oral Malodormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Where Does It Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Malodor: A Common Oral Problem

Saini¹

2012

J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci

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“…volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) namely hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethly disulfide, allyl mercaptan, allyl methyl sulfide, propyl mercaptan, methyl propyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, ammonia, dimethylamine and trimethylamine to name a few. [10][11][12] VSCs are mainly produced through putrefactive activities of bacteria present in saliva, the gingival crevice, the tongue surface and other areas (Flow Chart 1). The substrates are sulfur-containing amino acids, such as cysteine, cystine and methionine, which are found free in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid or produced as a result of proteolysis of protein substrates.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesis Of Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of these compounds lead to the quality of the malodor (Table 2). [10][11][12] The putrefactive changes can occur in both physiology and pathology leading to physiological halitosis and pathological halitosis respectively. Clinical examination is needed to determine whether the pathology is of intraoral or extraoral origin.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesis Of Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis: An Overview

Kini¹,

Kanagotagi²,

Padhye³

et al. 2012

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry

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ABSTRACT'Halitosis' or bad breath is an unpleasant problem that affects people socially and psychologically. Halitosis is caused by a mixture of breath with malodorous compounds emanating from different areas of the oral cavity, respiratory tract and upper digestive tracts.Breath odor research captured the scientific community's attention during the last few decades. This has led to advances in analytical instruments used for identification and measurement of these malodorous compounds. The dental profession's response to the problem of halitosis has been met with hurdles in regards therapy often due to perceptive differences of the patient. This review attempts to highlight the identification, classification, diagnosis and treatment of halitosis.

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“…He associated this particular smell with the hematologic disease. Nearly 15 years ago, the role of cadaverine was pointed out as a putative component of halitosis [3]. On the contrary, putrescine, that is similar to cadaverine, is not involved as component of halitosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%