C-reactive protein haplotype is associated with high PSA as a marker of metastatic prostate cancer but not with overall cancer risk

Abstract

Growing evidence points to a role for inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. The significance of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory and innate immunity molecule, has not been evaluated thoroughly in prostate cancer (PC). In this study of 739 Finnish patients with PC and 760 healthy men, we evaluated the associations of CRP genotypes and haplotypes with total PC risk and PC progression, using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker of metastatic disease. Although the haplotype frequencies were similar in patients and controls, an association between haplotype ACCCA and patients' PSA levels was found. The carriers more often had a high PSA than non-carriers (P ¼ 0.0002) and the SNP rs2794521 A-allele and rs1800947 C-allele carriers had a higher PSA than non-carriers (P ¼ 0.009 and P ¼ 0.0004, respectively). A trend for a younger age at diagnosis was found among the carriers of ACCCA (P ¼ 0.07) and the rs1800947 C-allele (P ¼ 0.06), as well as a trend for the latter to have more likely metastases (P ¼ 0.06), but not after Bonferroni correction (a ¼ 0.00208). This is the first study to suggest association between PSA and CRP variants in PC and, therefore, further studies are warranted. CRP alleles previously found to protect against increased CRP levels are now suggested to be associated with metastatic PC, indicated by elevated PSA.

Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels are Associated with Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertensive Patients

“…Similar to previous studies, PSA [36,37] was associated with CRP levels in our study. While CRP may not affect by itself arterial stiffness, [38,39] it is a marker of inflammation, which has been shown to affect unfavorably arterial stiffness [40,41].…”

-174G/C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 promoter is differently associated with prostate cancer incidence depending on race

“…Metabolic disorders such as diabetes are also linked to increased risk of prostate cancer (Grossmann and Wittert, 2012). Higher C-reactive protein levels are also related to increased PSA and prostate cancer, further supporting the role of chronic inflammation in prostate cancer etiology (Eklund et al, 2009). The GG genotype has also been correlated with a higher level of IL-6 among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but not among control subjects.…”

Genetic variants of the inflammatory C‐reactive protein and schizophrenia in Armenian population: a pilot study

“…Another study in Finnish population confirmed the association between prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and CRP rs1800947 variant in prostate cancer (PC). CRP alleles previously found to protect against increased CRP levels were suggested to be associated with metastatic PC, indicated by elevated PSA (Eklund et al. , 2009).…”