Burnout Phenotypes Among U.S. General Surgery Residents

Huang, Reiping; Hewitt, D. Brock; Cheung, Elaine O.; Agarwal, Gaurava; Etkin, Caryn D.; Smink, Douglas S.; Shanafelt, Tait D.; Bilimoria, Karl Y.; Hu, Yue

doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.019

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that this difference may be explained by varying coping strategies. In addition, burnt-out female residents also reported experiencing greater amounts of gender discrimination as compared to their non-burnt out same-sex counterparts [28]. Recent research suggests that gender discrimination, decreased autonomy, and decreased resilience could each be contributing factors to the increased burnout experienced by female residents [26,28,29].…”

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several phenotypes of burnout [28]: Depersonalization (e.g., viewing patients as impersonal objects; being callous and not caring about patient outcomes) is more common in men, while emotional exhaustion (e.g., fatigue; strained working with people; burnout from work) is more common in women [28]. It has been hypothesized that this difference may be explained by varying coping strategies.…”

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important protective factors against burnout include resilience, program support [26,28], and high-quality mentorship [31]. Resilience, in particular, is the ability to manage stress and work through adversity.…”

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, burnout appears to be a multifactorial phenomenon with intrinsic and extrinsic factors that disproportionately impact female surgeons [26]. Awareness of the factors contributing to burnout and support provided on a personal and program level could help decrease or even prevent this phenomenon [26,28].…”

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical Education: Focus on Gender Equality in Academic Surgery and Related Areas

Laessig¹,

Ullrich²,

Papadimos³

et al. 2022

Contemporary Topics in Graduate Medical Education - Volume 2

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Despite progress and advancements made to achieve gender equality, a glass ceiling still exists for women in surgery. Women remain largely underrepresented in academic surgery, with appointments to only 18% of surgery program director roles and 6.3% of surgical chair positions in the United States as of 2018. Inequities across various surgical subspecialties are also significant, especially in the areas of neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. Additional barriers exist for women in academics, including lack of high-quality female mentorship, implicit bias within letters of recommendation, and a greater incidence of reported moral injury and burn-out. Further efforts to address these inequities are necessary to retain the talents and contributions of women in surgery. Interventions that may counterbalance the continued gender gap within surgical fields include the implementation of implicit bias training, increasing institutional support, establishing formal mentorship initiatives, the introduction of early exposure programs during medical training, transparent institutional promotion policies, childcare support, and accommodation of maternity leave. The purpose of this chapter is to educate the reader regarding gender inequality in surgery and related fields and to highlight key issues central to the propagation of gender biases specifically as they relate to female surgeons across various roles and responsibilities (e.g., clinical practice, education/training, and leadership) within the contemporary academic landscape.

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Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burnout: Impact and Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Surgical Education: Focus on Gender Equality in Academic Surgery and Related Areas

Laessig¹,

Ullrich²,

Papadimos³

et al. 2022

Contemporary Topics in Graduate Medical Education - Volume 2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is likely compounded when a patient suffers a serious complication as a result of an operation, in which they participated, as unwanted outcomes can have profound and lasting impacts on a surgeon's well-being 3 . Workplace events impact surgery residents and can lead to physical symptoms, such as stress-related tachycardia, 4 and psychological consequences, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment, together termed “burnout” 5,6 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Talk About When We Talk About Coping

et al. 2023

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Objective: To explore how surgery residents cope with unwanted patient outcomes including postoperative complications and death. Background: Surgery residents face a variety of work-related stressors that require them to engage in coping strategies. Postoperative complications and deaths are common sources of such stressors. Although few studies examine the response to these events and their impacts on subsequent decision-making, there has been little scholarly work exploring coping strategies among surgery residents specifically. Methods: This study investigated the ways, in which general surgery residents cope with unwanted patient outcomes, including complications and deaths. Mid-level and senior residents (n = 28) from 14 academic, community, and hybrid training programs across the United States participated in exploratory semistructured interviews conducted by an experienced anthropologist. Interview transcripts were analyzed iteratively, informed by thematic analysis. Results: When discussing how they cope with complications and deaths, residents described both internal and external strategies. Internal strategies included a sense of inevitability, compartmentalization of emotions or experiences, thoughts of forgiveness, and beliefs surrounding resilience. External strategies included support from colleagues and mentors, commitment to change, and personal practices or rituals, such as exercise or psychotherapy. Conclusions: In this novel qualitative study, general surgery residents described the coping strategies that they organically used after postoperative complications and deaths. To improve resident well-being, it is critical to first understand the natural coping processes. Such efforts will facilitate structuring future support systems to aid residents during these difficult periods.

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