Buried iron archaeological artefacts: Corrosion mechanisms related to the presence of Cl-containing phases

Réguer, Solenn; Dillmann, Philippe; Mirambet, F.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.11.009

Cited by 113 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Akaganeite is formed only in the presence of salinity 7 and was widely found in marine environments 12,13 and in chloride-rich solutions [14][15][16] and soils. [17][18][19][20] Raman spectroscopy, as a powerful non-destructive spectroscopic technique, has been successfully used for the identification of pure iron oxides [21][22][23][24] and steel corrosion products. [8][9][10]12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Its ability to distinguish between the various phases of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, which are normally found in atmospheric corrosion products, is extremely helpful in the identification of corrosion products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micro-Raman Spectroscopic Study of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Effect of Akaganeite

Hihara

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the rust formed on 1008 carbon steel exposed to marine test sites in Hawaii. Besides lepidocrocite in the outer rust layers and goethite in the inner rust layers, akaganeite was detected on all samples due to the presence of Cl − and increased in quantity in the rust layer with increasing Cl − deposition rate. The presence of Cl − did not affect the corrosion rate of carbon steel when the Cl − deposition rate was lower than a threshold of approximately 75 mg/m 2 /day, but significantly increased the corrosion rate when the Cl − deposition rate was higher than the threshold. This is likely due to akaganeite being a sink for Cl − by incorporating it into its tunnel structure when salt deposition is below a certain level. Once the akaganeite is saturated with Cl − and the akaganeite cannot take up any more Cl − , free Cl − can be available to accelerate corrosion at anodic sites.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micro-Raman Spectroscopic Study of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Effect of Akaganeite

Hihara

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The XRD of the corroded surface of nails from the Baroque organ in Cadiz (coastal indoor) shows akaganeite [β-FeOOH] phase, which is a common oxyhydroxide that forms in presence of chlorine [28] (Fig. 4 a)).…”

Section: 2 2 I Ir Ro On Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of degradation processes of metals used in some artworks from the cultural heritage of Andalusia, Spain

Durán¹,

Herrera²,

Haro³

et al. 2009

Rev. metal.

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S St tu ud dy y o of f d de eg gr ra ad da at ti io on n p pr ro oc ce es ss se es s o of f m me et ta al ls s u us se ed d i in n s so om me e a ar rt tw wo or rk ks s f fr ro om m t th he e c cu ul lt tu ur ra al l h he er ri it ta ag ge e o of f A An nd da al lu us si ia a, , S Sp pa ai in n ( (• •) )A. Duran*, **, L.K. Herrera*, M.C. Jiménez de Haro*, J.L. Pérez-Rodríguez* and A. Justo* A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct tThe study of the alteration processes of metals, such as lead, bronze, iron and tin-mercury alloys, used in some of the most important chosen artefacts of Andalusian Cultural Heritage is the main objective of this paper. Hydrocerussite and cerussite were detected in lead seals stored in a hole of cardboard. Bronze is altered to atacamite by environmental contamination, which is also responsible for the formation of rust from iron. Corrosion of the tin-mercury surface of amalgam mirrors produces tin monoxide and tin dioxide and releases liquid mercury from the solid phase. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds sDegradation processes; Lead; Bronze; Iron; Tin-mercury amalgam.E Es st tu ud di io o d de e l lo os s p pr ro oc ce es so os s d de e d de eg gr ra ad da ac ci ió ón n d de e m me et ta al le es s e em mp pl le ea ad do os s e en n o ob br ra as s d de el l p pa at tr ri im mo on ni io o c cu ul lt tu ur ra al l d de e A An nd da al lu uc cí ía a, , E Es sp pa añ ña a R Re es su um me en n El estudio de los procesos de alteración de metales como plomo, bronce, hierro y aleaciones de estaño-mercurio empleados en algunas de las más importantes ornamentaciones elegidas del patrimonio cultural de Andalucía es el principal objetivo de este trabajo. Hidrocerusita y cerusita se detectaron en sellos de plomo almacenados en compartimentos de cartón. El bronce se altera a atacamita debido a la contaminación ambiental, factor que es también responsable de la formación de compuestos polvorientos a partir del hierro. La corrosión de la amalgama de estaño-mercurio de espejos antiguos produce óxidos de estaño y restos de mercurio líquido procedentes de la fase sólida. P Pa al la ab br ra as s c cl la av ve e Procesos de degradación; Plomo; Bronce; Hierro; Amalgama de estaño y mercurio. 1. . I IN NT TR RO OD DU UC CT TI IO ON NFor millennia, humans have used metals to create both utilitarian and ornamental items. Most metallic items suffer some corrosion process over time, mainly because of oxidation by air. The corrosion products are oxides, hydroxides, sulphides, sulphates and carbonates depending upon the metals present and the environmental condition of the metals.The use of metals for artefact construction has been known since antiquity [1 and 2] . Metals were used less extensively as support for paintings in ancient times, probably because they were highly valued for other purposes and were not available in large sheets or panels. Sheets were beaten out laboriously by hand. Methods for rolling metals were developed in the middle of the 16 th century.Lead alloys were widely used in antiquity, especially in organ pipes, c...

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“…Displacement of Na + and Cl´ions concentrated in the ZVI may occur when a batch of product water is replaced by a new batch of feed water [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]38,39]. This can potentially result in concentrations of Na + ions and/or Cl´ions being higher in the resulting product water than in the feed water.…”

Section: D2 Recovery Of Nacl Held In Zvi Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mineralogical studies [40,41] and museum conservation studies [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] have established that both Na + and Cl´ions can be removed from the ZVI corrosion products by washing. Displacement of Na + and Cl´ions concentrated in the ZVI may occur when a batch of product water is replaced by a new batch of feed water [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]38,39].…”

Section: D2 Recovery Of Nacl Held In Zvi Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZVI (Fe0) Desalination: Stability of Product Water

Antia¹

2016

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A batch-operated ZVI (zero valent iron) desalination reactor will be able to partially desalinate water. This water can be stored in an impoundment, reservoir or tank, prior to use for irrigation. Commercial development of this technology requires assurance that the partially-desalinated product water will not resalinate, while it is in storage. This study has used direct ion analyses to confirm that the product water from a gas-pressured ZVI desalination reactor maintains a stable salinity in storage over a period of 1-2.5 years. Two-point-three-litre samples of the feed water (2-10.68 g (Na + + Cl´)¨L´1) and product water (0.1-5.02 g (Na + + Cl´)¨L´1) from 21 trials were placed in storage at ambient (non-isothermal) temperatures (which fluctuated between´10 and 25˝C), for a period of 1-2.5 years. The ion concentrations (Na + and Cl´) of the stored feed water and product water were then reanalysed. The ion analyses of the stored water samples demonstrated: (i) that the product water salinity (Na + and Cl´) remains unchanged in storage; and (ii) the Na:Cl molar ratios can be lower in the product water than the feed water. The significance of the results is discussed in terms of the various potential desalination routes. These trial data are supplemented with the results from 122 trials to demonstrate that: (i) reactivity does not decline with successive batches; (ii) the process is catalytic; and (iii) the process involves a number of steps.

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Buried iron archaeological artefacts: Corrosion mechanisms related to the presence of Cl-containing phases

Cited by 113 publications

References 28 publications

A Micro-Raman Spectroscopic Study of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Effect of Akaganeite

A Micro-Raman Spectroscopic Study of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Effect of Akaganeite

Study of degradation processes of metals used in some artworks from the cultural heritage of Andalusia, Spain

ZVI (Fe0) Desalination: Stability of Product Water

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