Burden of Tuberculosis: Serbian Perspectives

Gledović, Z; Vlajinac, Hristina; Gazibara, Tatjana; Grujicic-Sipetic, Sandra; Grgurević, Anita; Pešut, Dragica

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_68

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The country went through an economic crisis during the 1990s, when a stable TB trend took place, instead of the continuous decrease that occurred previously. Moreover, the socio-economic transition period at the beginning of the 21 st century showed a gradually decreasing trend of the total TB incidence rate 7 , 12 . The current rate of 9/100,000 inhabitants places Serbia as a low TB incidence country 7 , 13 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of tuberculosis and influenza

Pavlovic¹,

Pešut

Stošić

2021

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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We examined whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and influenza in Serbia, a Southeast European country with a low TB incidence rate and a mandatory BCG vaccination at birth. The first case of COVID-19 was registered on March 6, 2020. Despite the need for a sudden adaptation of the health care system, routines of mycobacterial laboratories have never stopped. In 2020, the number of newly diagnosed TB patients was significantly lower than expected (p = 0.04), but the number of patients with influenza increased when compared to 2019. Although many patients with influenza A H1N1 were observed before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the increment of cases could also be a consequence of cases of influenza with COVID-like symptoms detected thereafter. It may also be attributed to misclassification of clinical cases that were negative for SARS-CoV-2 and reported as influenza. Difficulties to seek medical attention because of the COVID-19 pandemic and possible underreporting are considered as reasons for the decline in the incidence rate of TB. On the other hand, individual and social measures to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 such as wearing face masks, social distancing, lockdown, which were strictly applied to COVID-19 patients, health care staffs and most of the population, could have hindered TB infections more than the two viral diseases, which appear to be more contagious. The increased motivation of the population to protect their health during the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for their effective education. This is crucial in further combating TB as a preventable disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of tuberculosis and influenza

Pavlovic¹,

Pešut

Stošić

2021

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…17 The hypothesis contends that the following additional variables must exist in addition to the ones listed above in order for an epidemic to manifest and spread: patients in incubation, patients throughout the clinical course and atypical course of the disease, carriers (healthy and convalescent), and exposure to infection (exposure); the source of infection (it can only be a live thing, human or animal); ways that illness is propagated and transmitted: by touch (contact): direct and indirect, through contaminated food, water, air, soil, and insects; entry point of the causative agent into the host's organism: respiratory system, digestive system and injured or uninjured skin and visible mucous membrane; sufficient quantity (dose) and virulence of pathogenic germs (microorganisms or their products): bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, protozoa and fungi -their quantity and strength are important; disposition or immunity of the host organism (propensity of the organism to get sick from some infectious disease due to lack of hereditary or acquired immunity) depends on: age, sex, race, climatic and meteorological factors, physical and psychological trauma, diet, housing. 18 Epidemics, ie diseases, and the viruses that cause them do so through a biological process. Namely, this process is in fact one constant chain that has two basic forms, those forms are in fact the dynamics of the spread of the disease, that is, the epidemic: the first form is stormy, explosive, and the second is gradual.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Emergence And Spread Of Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2425-246. 18 Jović, R., Jović, N. Zdravstvena i socijalna zaštita u vanrednim prilikama i u ratu. Fakultet odbrane i zaštite Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, 1999, str.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Emergence And Spread Of Epidemicsunclassified

“…is: "direct contact, droplets, transplacental route and soil". 19 When it comes to indirect ways of spreading infection, they are: "objects and biological materials, water, food, air and vector (which represent a living carrier, for example, insects, such as fleas, lice and mosquitoes, spiders, i.e. ticks).…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Emergence And Spread Of Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing the Risk of Disasters Caused by Epidemics

Cvetković¹,

Vujanović²,

Ivanov³

2023

Preprint

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Epidemics are the most common natural phenomena that have occurred throughout the entire history of human society. Depending on the type of disease and the development of the collective immunity that society had acquired by then, the consequences of epidemics were usually very severe. Precisely because of this, the aim of the paper is a scientific description of the way in which the prescribed preventive measures should be applied from the epidemiological, security, economic, legal and other aspects, so that the society, through the mechanisms of the state, can defend and rehabilitate the consequences of an epidemic of an infectious disease. Eliminating the epidemic's impacts is a very difficult issue. In particular, there is an infectious illness epidemic that is spreading uncontrolled throughout society on the one hand. In order to introduce a quarantine that restricts the epidemic's progress and, if the quarantine lasts long enough, to end the epidemic, contact between members of the social group must be broken. On the other side, the cessation of communication between members of a social group also signifies the cessation of all facets of life in that society, including economic ties, education, growth of culture, scientific research, etc.

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Burden of Tuberculosis: Serbian Perspectives

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of tuberculosis and influenza

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of tuberculosis and influenza

Reducing the Risk of Disasters Caused by Epidemics

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