Burden of hypertension in The Gambia: evidence from a national World Health Organization (WHO) STEP survey

Cham, Bai; Scholes, Shaun; Fat, Linda Ng; Badjie, Omar; Mindell, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyx279

Cited by 36 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…For instance, the prevalence was below 20% in some surveys [ 25 – 27 ] while some studies showed prevalence about 25%, close to that seen in our study [ 28 – 30 ]. In other studies, prevalence was much higher, above 30% [ 31 ]. The findings indicate significant differences in the prevalence due to various reasons and hence there is a need to conduct a meta-analysis to summarize these data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sedentary Lifestyle and Hypertension in a Periurban Area of Mbarara, South Western Uganda: A Population Based Cross Sectional Survey

Twinamasiko

Lukenge

Nabawanga

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hypertension

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Introduction Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes constitute over 50% of the noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden and projections indicate Sub-Saharan Africa will experience a larger burden. Urbanization on the continent is contributing to the change in lifestyle such as diet and physical activity, which may increase the risk for CVDs. There is lack of sufficient data from the African continent on hypertension and its association with sedentary lifestyle. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study in periurban Uganda among adults aged at least 35 years. We administered questions on diet, physical activity, and smoking. We took anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP > = 140 and/or diastolic BP > = 90 and/or history of hypertension medications. Logistic regression was used to determine the crude and adjusted odds ratios for the factors associated with hypertension. Results We enrolled 310 participants and 50% were female. The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 24.5%, diastolic hypertension was 31%, obesity was 46%, and diabetes was 9%. Of those with hypertension (n = 76), 53 participants (69.7%) were not aware they had high BP. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with hypertension even after adjusting for age and obesity. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes and majority of participants with hypertension are not aware. Participants with a sedentary work style should be targeted for prevention and screening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sedentary Lifestyle and Hypertension in a Periurban Area of Mbarara, South Western Uganda: A Population Based Cross Sectional Survey

Twinamasiko

Lukenge

Nabawanga

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hypertension

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“…Four studies assessed prevalence of obesity [18][19][20][21] and three of those studies reported on the overall prevalence [18][19][20], ranging from 2.3% [19] to 11.7% [18]. Three studies distinguished between males and females [18,20,21]. All of those studies showed a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in females than in males.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies that distinguished between different age groups found that prevalence increases with age [18,22,23]. Cham et al assessed the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and found that 79% of participants were unaware of their condition before the survey [18]. Prevalence of unawareness was higher in males than in females and in the younger age groups [18].…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Gambia: A Systematic Review

Koller

Agyemang

2020

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview on prevalence of CVD risk factors in the Gambia. The findings from seven included studies revealed that most CVD risk factors are very prevalent in the Gambia, with some specific groups in the population such as urban dwellers being more at risk. Obesity prevalence ranged from 2.3% to 11.7%, with rate being particularly high in urban women aged ≥35 years. Diabetes prevalence was 0.3%. Hypertension prevalence ranged from 18.3% to 29%. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia ranged from 2.2% to 29.1%. Prevalence of smoking ranged from 16% to 42.2% in men. Prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, inadequate physical activity, and alcohol consumption was 77.8%, 14.6%, and 2.3%, respectively. These findings suggest urgent need for preventive measures and further research to prevent CVD in the Gambia.

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“…Hypertension is a common chronic disease which is mainly characterized as continuous increase of arterial blood pressure. Hypertension has become the most familiar "epidemic disease" in the world [1], which has caused great economic and social burden [2]. Hypertension often leads to dysfunction of kidney [3], brain [4], heart [5] and other important organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Naoxintong Capsule on the Vascular Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Factors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Wang¹,

Zhao²

2018

JHS

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Objective: To investigate the effects of Naoxintong (NXT) capsule on vascular endothelial function and inflammatory mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: A total of 100 spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into model group, positive control group, NXT low-dose group, NXT medium-dose group and NXT high-dose group. Rats in the model group were given an equal dose of normal saline once a day; the positive control group was given telmisartan 50 mg/(kg•d) once a day; the low, middle and high dose groups were given the NTX 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/(kg•d) once a day, respectively. Rats in each group were continuously intragastrically administered for 12 weeks. The vascular endothelial function index, inflammation index and blood pressure of each group were observed at the end of 8 weeks. Results: Endothelin (ET), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and systolic blood pressure levels were lower in the positive control group and NXT group compared with model group. In the model group, the NO level was lower than the positive control group and NXT group; the levels of ET, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and systolic blood pressure in the middle-dose group and the high-dose group were lower than those in the positive control group and NXT low-dose group. Furthermore, the level of NO was higher in positive control group and NXT middle and high dose group compared with model group. The levels of ET, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and systolic pressure in NXT high dose group were lower than in NXT middle dose group, while the level of NO was higher in NXT high group than in NXT middle dose group and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: NXT has obviously antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors.

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Burden of hypertension in The Gambia: evidence from a national World Health Organization (WHO) STEP survey

Abstract: Rural and semi-urban residence were strongly associated with hypertension, contrary to what has been found in similar studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Intervention to reduce the burden of hypertension in The Gambia could be further targeted towards rural areas.

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Sedentary Lifestyle and Hypertension in a Periurban Area of Mbarara, South Western Uganda: A Population Based Cross Sectional Survey

Sedentary Lifestyle and Hypertension in a Periurban Area of Mbarara, South Western Uganda: A Population Based Cross Sectional Survey

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Gambia: A Systematic Review

The Effects of Naoxintong Capsule on the Vascular Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Factors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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