Bullous Impetigo of the Face After Epilation by Threading

Bloom, Michelle E.; Carter, Eric L.

doi:10.1001/archderm.141.9.1174

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is only brief mention of this procedure in the dermatological literature, 3 even though his procedure is associated with several dermatological complications that have been described in the literature as a result of other hair‐removal procedures such as waxing and electrolysis. These include acute erythema during and after the procedure, folliculitis, pseudofolliculitis, bullous impetigo, hyperpigmentation and depigmentation 1,3,4 . We have seen a case of unilateral molluscum contagiosum along the threaded eyebrow, and koebnerization of vitiligo after the procedure has also been reported from this clinic 2 …”

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confidence: 67%

“…These include acute erythema during and after the procedure, folliculitis, pseudofolliculitis, bullous impetigo, hyperpigmentation and depigmentation. 1,3,4 We have seen a case of unilateral molluscum contagiosum along the threaded eyebrow, and koebnerization of vitiligo after the procedure has also been reported from this clinic. 2 In this paper, we report a series of eight cases from our clinic, showing a new complication of eyebrow threading.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Eyebrow threading: a popular hair-removal procedure and its seldom-discussed complications

Verma

2009

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

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Removal of eyebrow and facial hair by 'threading' has gained popularity worldwide. Threading is an ancient Eastern method of removing unwanted facial and eyebrow hair by a technique whereby one end of a cotton thread is held in the mouth of the technician and the other end looped around individual hair shafts, which are then pulled out. This is repeated in quick, successive movements. In India, this is used extensively for shaping and removing eyebrow hair. Threading now enjoys immense popularity with women worldwide, irrespective of race or colour, and is an accepted method for removing eyebrow hair and shaping the eyebrows. However, this popular cosmetic procedure has some significant dermatological side-effects and is not familiar to many dermatologists. To our knowledge, this is the first report of verrucae occurring in threaded eyebrows. Other complications include erythema, folliculitis, pseudofolliculitis, hyperpigmentation, and depigmentation, including koebnerization of vitiligo. This report should alert dermatologists to the possible complications that may arise from this popular aesthetic epilatory procedure.

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confidence: 67%

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confidence: 94%

Eyebrow threading: a popular hair-removal procedure and its seldom-discussed complications

Verma

2009

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

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“…Most of these side effects are transitory and resolve several days to weeks after the procedures. 1,2,4,[7][8][9] There was one report of periocular hematoma and purpura with ''raccoon eyes'' from Turkey that developed a few hours after eyebrow plucking was performed. 10 Koebner's isomorphic phenomenon 11 is well known in conditions such as psoriasis, lichen planus, and vitiligo, in which trauma initiates new lesions in otherwise normal skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical damage from this technique may compromise the skin's barrier, allowing for the invasion of pathogens such as human papilloma virus (HPV) and staphylococcus. [2][3][4][5][6] We present two such cases of warts in the periocular region that developed after eyebrow threading was performed. We also review the literature on other reported complications of threading techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eyebrow Epilation by Threading: An Increasingly Popular Procedure With Some Less-Popular Outcomes—A Comprehensive Review

Litak

Krunic

Antonijevic

et al. 2011

Dermatologic Surgery

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The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.T hreading is an epilatory technique that is gaining popularity in Western countries, especially in the United States. It is claimed that threading is a more cost-effective, affordable, less-invasive, and safer alternative to shaving, chemical depilation, waxing, plucking, and laser hair removal. 1 Despite being considered a less traumatic method of effective hair removal, skin abrasion, follicular trauma, and erythema are not uncommon occurrences. Physical damage from this technique may compromise the skin's barrier, allowing for the invasion of pathogens such as human papilloma virus (HPV) and staphylococcus. 2-6 We present two such cases of warts in the periocular region that developed after eyebrow threading was performed. We also review the literature on other reported complications of threading techniques. Case 1A 20-year-old Asian woman presented to our clinic complaining of progressive spreading of skin-colored lesions along the lower part of her brows and on the upper eyelids. The lesions had started appearing in the past 6 months. The patient revealed that she had been continuously having her brow threaded at the local beauty parlor over the preceding 12 months.On examination, there were densely packed, 2-to 4-mm, white to skin-colored papules over both inferior eyebrows and upper eyelids ( Figure 1A). Biopsy of one papule from the right side revealed epidermal hyperplasia with perinuclear vacuolization in the superficial epidermis and focal hypergranulosis, consistent with verruca plana ( Figure 1B). A full skin examination failed to reveal any other lesions suspicious for verruca. The patient was otherwise healthy and did not have any history of immunosuppression. She was treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream with complete resolution of the lesions in 8 weeks. She chose to forgo any further threading sessions. Case 2A 21-year-old Caucasian woman presented with warty lesions on the left side of the face that were increasing in size and number over the 3 months before presentation. She had been having her eyebrows threaded frequently in a local cosmetic parlor for 1 year. On physical examination, she demonstrated small and large warty papules on the inferior margin of the left brow and upper eyelid and on the forehead, with adjacent hyperpigmentation (Figure 2). The patient was otherwise in good health, without warts on any other area of the skin and with

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“…There are numerous available hair-removal methods, such as shaving, clipping, epilation, depilatory creams, laser hair removal, electrolysis, sugaring, and threading (or "Khite" in Arabic), which is an ancient practice originating in the Middle East and Far East, whereby a cotton thread is grasped with one hand and the teeth and the hair shaft is extracted [2]. Waxing, however, is the most common method for extensive depilation, and complications include burns, mechanical folliculitis, infectious folliculitis, other infections of skin and soft tissues, and contact dermatitis and/or vulvitis [1].…”

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Severe Complications of a "Brazilian" Bikini Wax

Dendle

Mulvey

Pyrlis

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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A 20-year-old Australian woman with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes presented with life-threatening Streptococcus pyogenes and Herpes simplex infection of her external genitalia following a routine perineal "Brazilian" bikini wax. Extensive pubic hair removal is now common among young adults in Australia and elsewhere. However, the infectious risks of these practices, particularly among immunosuppressed individuals, are often underappreciated.A 20-year-old Australian woman presented to our emergency department (Austin Health; Melbourne, Australia) with high fever and swelling of the external genitalia. She had poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus as a result of nonadherence with insulin therapy, had a history of frequent episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, and had a glycosylated hemoglobin level of 11.9%.Two weeks before presentation, the patient had undergone a "Brazilian" bikini wax at a beauty salon that involved removal of all hair from her mons pubis, vulva, and anus with hot wax. The patient experienced significant pain and some vulval bleeding during the procedure, which was performed by a trainee beauty therapist.During the subsequent 4 days, worsening vulval swelling, redness, and pain were noted, as well as a copious vaginal discharge. On the day of presentation, the patient reported excruciating perivulval pain, severe dysuria, fever, and a diffuse erythematous rash.The patient's last normal menstrual period finished 4 days before presentation, and there was no history of tampon use or of a foreign body in the vagina. She had 1 male sexual partner with whom she had been having unprotected sex for several months. There was no history of previous infective episodes or vaginal trauma.At presentation, the patient was found to be febrile (temperature, 38ЊC), hypotensive (blood pressure, 90/60 mm Hg), and tachycardic (heart rate, 100 beats/min), and she looked very unwell. There was an erythematous rash over the patient's chest and neck. The external genitalia were grossly swollenparticularly the vulva, the labia majora and minora, and the clitoris-with the urethra displaced inferiorly and cellulitis extending from around the vulva up onto the abdominal wall. The distribution of the cellulitis was consistent with the area onto which the wax had been applied. There was a copious, purulent vaginal discharge and prominent white exudate on the vulva. Examination was difficult because of the extreme swelling, but no vesicular lesions or ulcers were seen. Neither speculum nor bimanual vaginal examination was able to be performed because of severe pain. The findings of the rest of the physical examination were unremarkable. The initial differential diagnosis was severe perineal strepDownloaded from

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Bullous Impetigo of the Face After Epilation by Threading

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Eyebrow threading: a popular hair-removal procedure and its seldom-discussed complications

Eyebrow threading: a popular hair-removal procedure and its seldom-discussed complications

Eyebrow Epilation by Threading: An Increasingly Popular Procedure With Some Less-Popular Outcomes—A Comprehensive Review

Severe Complications of a "Brazilian" Bikini Wax

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