Building the Case: Changing Consumer Perceptions of the Value of Expanded Community Pharmacist Services

Steckowych, Kathryn; Smith, Marie; Spiggle, Susan; Stevens, Andrew C.; Li, Hao

doi:10.1177/0897190018771521

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… 30 Therefore, high and equitable participation is crucial to ensuring health gain and preventing health inequalities, and it requires patients and physicians to recognize the clinical skills of pharmacists. 31 , 32 A study by the National Health Service on the CVD risk profile of the Portuguese population revealed a high prevalence of CVD risk factors and the need for health authorities to develop strategies to screen the general population for CVD risk factors. 33…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of cardiovascular risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies

Fonseca

Lima

Castel‐Branco

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of human mortality. As highly accessible and qualified health professionals, community pharmacists can be included in the early detection of patients at risk for CVD by implementing CVD screening programs. Objective: To assess the feasibility of CVD risk screening services in Portuguese community pharmacies from the evaluation of customers acceptability. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community pharmacy in Portugal. The purpose of entering the pharmacy was recorded for all customers. Afterwards, the customers were invited to be interviewed by the pharmacist, who registered their willingness to participate and collected the participants’ data and biochemical and physical parameters to assess their CV risk by applying the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model. For the participants who were not eligible for the SCORE-based risk assessment, the pharmacist considered the major modifiable CVD risk factors - hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking habits, obesity, impaired fasting glucose and sedentary behavior - according to the ESC guidelines. Results: Picking up medication was the most prevalent reason 69.8% (n=1,600) for entering the pharmacy, and among the contacted customers, 56.4% (n=621) agreed to have their CVD risk assessed. Of the 588 participants, 56.6% (n=333) were already on CV pharmacotherapy and were therefore not eligible for screening. Of the 43.4% (n=255) CV pharmacotherapy-naïve participants, 94.9% (n=242) were screened with at least one CVD risk factor; 52.9% (n=135) were not eligible for the SCORE assessment, of which 92.6% (n=125) presented CVD risk factors. Of the 120 SCORE eligible participants, 80.0% (n=96) were at least at moderate risk of CVD. Conclusions: We determined the feasibility of CVD risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies, as we found high customer acceptability, noted the reasons for nonattendance, and found a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in at-risk patients. This is an opportunity for Portuguese community pharmacists to take a leading role in the early detection of CVD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of cardiovascular risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies

Fonseca

Lima

Castel‐Branco

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“… 75 Overall, there was an insufficient level of privacy within pharmacy services. 57 Participants expressed increased privacy could be achieved by reducing noise, moving to a quieter area of the store or avoiding conversations in front of other people. 51 The dominance of privacy as an issue in pharmacy health service is an important one affecting an individual’s decision to use community pharmacy as the first point of contact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review on the effects of the physical and social aspects of community pharmacy spaces on service users and staff

Dhital

Sakulwach

Robert

et al. 2022

Perspect Public Health

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Aim: This systematic review aimed to provide new insights into how pharmacy spaces, or the architecture of pharmacies, are experienced by pharmacy service users and staff. The review sought to identify environmental factors which may influence service users’ and staff participation in community-based pharmacy health services. Method: Ten databases were searched for English language publications, using a combination of search terms relating to pharmacy service users and staff; pharmacy spaces; and health and social care outcomes. Data from the final selected studies were extracted, thematically analysed using a narrative approach and the quality of each study assessed using the Integrated quality Criteria for the Review of Multiple Study designs (ICROMS). Results: 80 articles reporting 80 studies published between 1994 and 2020 were identified; they were from 28 countries, involving around 3234 community pharmacies, 13,615 pharmacy service users, 5056 pharmacists and 78 pharmacy health staff. Most studies (94%) met the ICROMS minimum score, and half did not meet the mandatory quality criteria. Four themes likely to influence service users’ and staff experiences of pharmacy health services were identified: (1) privacy; (2) experience of the physical environment; (3) professional image; and (4) risk of error. Conclusion: To optimise the delivery and experience of pharmacy health services, these spaces should be made more engaging. Future applied research could focus on optimising inclusive pharmacy design features.

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“…The literature so far has not focused on the entire policy process, only pieces of the process. For example, the international literature has only reported some barriers to integrating pharmacists, such as the lack of regulation and role standards, which may prevent accountability and role responsibilities for advanced pharmacist positions (Bader et al, 2017;Steckowych et al, 2018). In regard to the design and implementation of expanded services in community pharmacies, Moullin et al, (2016), show that there is a lack of collaboration and communication between the pharmacy profession and other health professions, which may exacerbate the challenges (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%