Building better backhaul

Sutton, Andy

doi:10.1049/et.2011.0506

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…With a packet-switched network, all services can be implemented on a unified core, resulting in better resource utilization and improving cost efficiency [13]. In these eras, the mobile backhaul was the name given to the link between a base station and its controller (BTS-BSC in 2G, NodeB-RNC in 3G) [14]. Figure 1 shows a basic cellular network architecture with one SBS and one macro base station (MBS).…”

Section: The Backhaul Concept and Its Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Backhaul in 5G and Beyond: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities

Tezergil¹,

Onur²

2021

Preprint

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With the introduction of new technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), high altitude platforms (HAPS), millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), and beamforming, wireless backhaul is expected to be an integral part of the 5G networks. While this concept is nothing new, it was shortcoming in terms of performance compared to the fiber backhauling. However, with these new technologies, fiber is no longer the foremost technology for backhauling. With the projected densification of networks, wireless backhaul has become mandatory to use. There are still challenges to be tackled if wireless backhaul is to be used efficiently. Resource allocation, deployment, scheduling, power management and energy efficiency are some of these problems. Wireless backhaul also acts as an enabler for new technologies and improves some of the existing ones significantly. To name a few, rural connectivity, satellite communication, and mobile edge computing are some concepts for which wireless backhauling acts as an enabler. Small cell usage with wireless backhaul presents different security challenges. Governing bodies of cellular networks have standardization efforts going on especially for the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) concept, and this is briefly mentioned. Finally, wireless backhaul is also projected to be an important part of the beyond 5G networks, and newly developed concepts such as cell-free networking, ultra-massive MIMO, and extremely dense network show this trend as well.In this survey, we present the aforementioned issues, challenges, opportunities, and applications of wireless backhaul in 5G, while briefly mentioning concepts related to wireless backhaul beyond 5G alongside with security and standardization issues.

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Section: The Backhaul Concept and Its Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Backhaul in 5G and Beyond: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities

Tezergil¹,

Onur²

2021

Preprint

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“…It is important to note that once n t and dr 1 t are obtained, the resulting estimated end-to-end delay of dr i calculated as (…”

Section: ) Linear Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M obile telecommunications operators are now in the process of upgrading their base station backhaul networks from traditional circuit-switched E1 links to packet-switched networks such as Carrier Ethernet [1]- [3]. There has also been consideration for using Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) video systems connected over an Ethernet backbone in transportation applications such as train carriages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with Packet Delay Variation in IEEE 1588 Synchronization Using a Sample-Mode Filter

Anyaegbu

Wang

Berrie

2013

IEEE Intell. Transport. Syst. Mag.

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In this paper, we characterize the delay profile of an Ethernet cross-traffic network statically loaded with one of the ITU-T network models and a larger Ethernet inline traffic loaded with uniformlysized packets, showing how the average time interval between consecutive minimum-delayed packets increases with increased network load. We compare three existing skew-estimation algorithms and show that the best performance is achieved by solving a linear programming problem on "de-noised" delay samples. This skew-estimation method forms the basis of a new sample-mode algorithm for packet delay variation filtering. We use numerical simulations in OPNET to illustrate the performance of the sample-mode filter in the networks. We compare the performance of the proposed PDV filter with those of the existing sample minimum, mean, and maximum filters and observe that the sample-mode filtering algorithm is able to match or outperform other types of filters, at different levels of network load.

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