Brucellosis in Sheep and Goats and its Serodiagnosis and Epidemiology

Abstract

Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease globally that causes huge economic losses to the livestock owners and is of public health significance. Brucellosis in animals is endemic in India. In sheep and goats, Brucellosis is mainly caused by Brucella melitensis whereas Brucella ovis causes the disease in sheep. The symptoms in infected sheep and goats are abortions, stillbirths and the birth of weak offsprings. Animals that abort may retain the placenta. Sheep and goats usually abort only once, but reinvasion of the uterus and shedding of organisms can occur during subsequent pregnancies. Several studies have been carried out on seroepidemiology of caprine and ovine Brucellosis in India. The tests commonly used for diagnosis of Brucellosis are the milk ring test, Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT), Microtiter Plate Agglutination Test (MAT) and ELISA. The RBPT is a rapid screening test for the diagnosis of Brucellosis. The sensitivity of RBPT is very high (>99%) but the specificity can be low and it could sometimes give a false positive result. Its positive predictive value is low and a positive test result requires confirmation by a more specific test. Isolation and culture of Brucella organisms is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of Brucellosis. K e y w o r d sOvine Brucellosis, Caprine Brucellosis, Serodiagnosis, Seroepidemiology

Seroconversion to Brucella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats in Dohuk Province, Iraq and Its Association with Pregnancy Loss

“…In the current study, as antibodies to Brucella were confirmed by testing with an RBT and an iELISA and the results interpreted in series, it is assumed that seropositivity resulted from natural infection rather than a serological response to prior vaccination. Aborted foetal and placental material resulting from infection with Brucella can lead to significant contamination of the environment resulting in disease spread to other ruminants [ 39 ]. This large environmental burden may overcome the immunity induced by vaccination [ 40 ]; however, in the current study location, it is also possible that the vaccine was not administered appropriately or was not maintained in a manner to confirm its efficacy due to poor veterinary services and infrastructure in Iraq [ 41 ].…”

First Serodiagnosis of Brucella ovis among rams with orchid-epididymitis in Mosul city, Iraq.

“…B. ovis infection was confirmed in different countries such as New Zealand [17], Romania [18], Croatia [19.20], Serbia [21], Brazil [22], Argentina [23], India [12,24], France [25] and Turkey [10], while some countries report never having recorded it as in Italy [26], Iran [27], and Canada [28]. In this study, the percentage of negative samples were higher than the positive samples, which can be attributed to either to trauma or to the presence of many species of bacteria causing epididymo-orchitis in ram [2,4].…”

Transcriptome analysis of Brucella abortus S19∆per immunized mouse spleen revealed activation of MHC-I and MHC-II pathways

“…In India, the brucellosis prevalence rate in cattle and buffaloes has been reported as 8.3 and 3.6%, respectively [ 4 ]. Earlier reports about brucellosis in small ruminants showed a 7.9 % prevalence rate in sheep and 2.2 % in goats [ 5 ]. The threat of brucellosis is severe in rural areas where India’s more than 65 % population lives in close contact with the large domestic animal population (512.05 million approx.).…”