Brook Trout Movement in Response to Temperature, Flow, and Thermal Refugia within a Complex Appalachian Riverscape

Petty, J. Todd; Hansbarger, Jeff L.; Huntsman, Brock M.; Mazik, Patricia M.

doi:10.1080/00028487.2012.681102

Cited by 111 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In a recent study, Kanno et al (2013) found that half of the surviving offspring of adult Brook Trout from a given stream were spawned in the stream's tributaries. These results support previous studies (Petty et al 2005(Petty et al , 2012 that have highlighted the importance of small tributaries for the persistence of Brook Trout populations and thus the necessity of maintaining genetic connectivity among main stems and tributaries for the proper conservation of Brook Trout and other salmonids with similar life cycles. As was illustrated in our study system, forest roads are generally built along main stems, leading to the installation of culverts near tributary mouths.…”

Section: Management Implications Of Culverts' Impacts On the Distribusupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Forest Road Culverts and Waterfalls on the Fine‐Scale Distribution of Brook Trout Genetic Diversity in a Boreal Watershed

Torterotot¹,

Perrier²,

Bergeron³

et al. 2014

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Habitat fragmentation has become an increasing concern in conservation biology and is of prime importance with the expansion of forest road networks toward boreal and arctic regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of artificial and natural barriers to fish movement on the fine‐scale distribution of genetic diversity in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis. We genotyped 995 individuals sampled from 25 locations in a boreal watershed fragmented by culverts and natural waterfalls. Using a landscape genetics approach, we tested whether the presence of both types of barrier resulted in decreased genetic diversity and increased divergence within isolated locations. Results showed that genetic divergence was enhanced between sites separated by barriers and that genetic diversity was reduced within sites located upstream of barriers. Moreover, the observed changes in levels of divergence and diversity were correlated with the number of barriers. Overall, our results suggested that the effects of culverts and natural waterfalls were similar. To our knowledge, this is the first study illustrating the effects of forest road culverts and natural waterfalls on the distribution of genetic diversity in Brook Trout within a boreal watershed. We discuss our results in the context of boreal forest road network expansion and in light of the need to better understand the potential impacts of road infrastructure on the long‐term persistence of fish populations. Received January 24, 2014; accepted July 11, 2014

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Section: Management Implications Of Culverts' Impacts On the Distribusupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Forest Road Culverts and Waterfalls on the Fine‐Scale Distribution of Brook Trout Genetic Diversity in a Boreal Watershed

Torterotot¹,

Perrier²,

Bergeron³

et al. 2014

Trans Am Fish Soc

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“…Previous research in this system suggests that brook trout inhabiting larger main stem sites may compete for thermal refugia during prolonged periods of warm and dry conditions [28]. During the spring, brook trout in the main stem may also compete for optimal growing habitat [64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Gradients in environmental conditions such as temperature are particularly important for cold-water specialists like salmonids that require specific thermal ranges for optimal performance within a habitat [32]–[34]. Petty et al [28] observed high mobility in brook trout exposed to elevated thermal conditions within a large main stem habitat, while tributary residents showed less mobility, likely due to relatively lower thermal stress. Additionally, demographic rates of fish species (e.g., survival and birth rates) have been shown to differ based on whether fish were present in their core or peripheral distribution within the same watershed [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density-Dependent Regulation of Brook Trout Population Dynamics along a Core-Periphery Distribution Gradient in a Central Appalachian Watershed

Huntsman

Petty

2014

PLoS ONE

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Spatial population models predict strong density-dependence and relatively stable population dynamics near the core of a species' distribution with increasing variance and importance of density-independent processes operating towards the population periphery. Using a 10-year data set and an information-theoretic approach, we tested a series of candidate models considering density-dependent and density-independent controls on brook trout population dynamics across a core-periphery distribution gradient within a central Appalachian watershed. We sampled seven sub-populations with study sites ranging in drainage area from 1.3–60 km2 and long-term average densities ranging from 0.335–0.006 trout/m. Modeled response variables included per capita population growth rate of young-of-the-year, adult, and total brook trout. We also quantified a stock-recruitment relationship for the headwater population and coefficients of variability in mean trout density for all sub-populations over time. Density-dependent regulation was prevalent throughout the study area regardless of stream size. However, density-independent temperature models carried substantial weight and likely reflect the effect of year-to-year variability in water temperature on trout dispersal between cold tributaries and warm main stems. Estimated adult carrying capacities decreased exponentially with increasing stream size from 0.24 trout/m in headwaters to 0.005 trout/m in the main stem. Finally, temporal variance in brook trout population size was lowest in the high-density headwater population, tended to peak in mid-sized streams and declined slightly in the largest streams with the lowest densities. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that local density-dependent processes have a strong control on brook trout dynamics across the entire distribution gradient. However, the mechanisms of regulation likely shift from competition for limited food and space in headwater streams to competition for thermal refugia in larger main stems. It also is likely that source-sink dynamics and dispersal from small headwater habitats may partially influence brook trout population dynamics in the main stem.

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“…Habitat selection by Brook Trout has been studied in some areas within the species' native range (Baker et al 1996;Baird and Krueger 2003;Petty et al 2005Petty et al , 2012Mollenhauer et al 2013), and several studies have revealed the spatial and temporal dynamics of habitat selection by Brown Trout under differing flow regimes (Ayllón et al 2010(Ayllón et al , 2014. However, few studies have focused on quantifying habitat use by both Brook Trout and Brown Trout within the same time period and in the same geographic location (Baird et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Scale‐Dependent Seasonal Pool Habitat Use by Sympatric Wild Brook Trout and Brown Trout Populations

Davis

Wagner

2016

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Sympatric populations of native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Brown Trout Salmo trutta exist throughout the eastern USA. An understanding of habitat use by sympatric populations is of importance for fisheries management agencies because of the close association between habitat and population dynamics. Moreover, habitat use by stream‐dwelling salmonids may be further complicated by several factors, including the potential for fish to display scale‐dependent habitat use. Discrete‐choice models were used to (1) evaluate fall and early winter daytime habitat use by sympatric Brook Trout and Brown Trout populations based on available residual pool habitat within a stream network and (2) assess the sensitivity of inferred habitat use to changes in the spatial scale of the assumed available habitat. Trout exhibited an overall preference for pool habitats over nonpool habitats; however, the use of pools was nonlinear over time. Brook Trout displayed a greater preference for deep residual pool habitats than for shallow pool and nonpool habitats, whereas Brown Trout selected for all pool habitat categories similarly. Habitat use by both species was found to be scale dependent. At the smallest spatial scale (50 m), habitat use was primarily related to the time of year and fish weight. However, at larger spatial scales (250 and 450 m), habitat use varied over time according to the study stream in which a fish was located. Scale‐dependent relationships in seasonal habitat use by Brook Trout and Brown Trout highlight the importance of considering scale when attempting to make inferences about habitat use; fisheries managers may want to consider identifying the appropriate spatial scale when devising actions to restore and protect Brook Trout populations and their habitats.Received December 11, 2015; accepted March 2, 2016 Published online June 29, 2016

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Brook Trout Movement in Response to Temperature, Flow, and Thermal Refugia within a Complex Appalachian Riverscape

Cited by 111 publications

References 78 publications

Influence of Forest Road Culverts and Waterfalls on the Fine‐Scale Distribution of Brook Trout Genetic Diversity in a Boreal Watershed

Influence of Forest Road Culverts and Waterfalls on the Fine‐Scale Distribution of Brook Trout Genetic Diversity in a Boreal Watershed

Density-Dependent Regulation of Brook Trout Population Dynamics along a Core-Periphery Distribution Gradient in a Central Appalachian Watershed

Scale‐Dependent Seasonal Pool Habitat Use by Sympatric Wild Brook Trout and Brown Trout Populations

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