Bronchiolitis Obliterans and Tracheal Stenosis

Long-Term Course of Bronchiectasis and Bronchiolitis obliterans as Late Complication of Smoke Inhalation

“…And peripheral air-trapping was also re ported in brochiolitis obliterans [6]. Our patient had ven tilatory dysfunction and hypoxemia as severe as those of other cases which were previously reported [1,[5][6][7], In addition, while our patient's bronchiectasis has pro gressed over his 15-year course, his pulmonary dysfunc tion and hypoxemia have remained relatively stable. We conclude that the chemical injury in the small airways, caused by smoke inhalation 18 years prior to the present report, was primarily responsible for the pulmonary dys function with hypoxemia.…”

“…This occurs because heat is rapidly dissipated in the tracheobronchial tree. Small airway injury in inhalation burns is most likely related to toxic byproducts of combustion and smoke, which may result in tracheobronchitis and chemcial pneu monitis [1], When our patient experienced his injury, his house had just been built and made of new synthetic structural materials, which upon burning produced nox ious gases containing acrolain, formaldehyde, acetalde hyde, NO2, SO2, AS2O3 and/or P2O5 [2], In the presence of H2O, these toxic agents form corrosive acids and alkalis which are not only toxic after absorption, but are extreme ly erosive to the mucosa. Our patient might suffer thermal injury because of the presence of facial burn and history of tracheal intubation.…”

“…In these previously reported cases burn injury was compli cated by bronchiectasis [3][4][5], bronchiolitis obliterans [1,6] or lung fibrosis [7], Most of them subsequently suffered from recurrent or chronic bacterial infections and had poor prognoses. In our patient, cylindrical and saccular bronchiectasis were observed at the first admission to our hospital which was 3 years after the accident.…”

“…Late complications of smoke inhalations such as tracheal stenosis, bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans have occasionally been reported [1], The long term outcome, however, has yet to be documented. We report on a patient who developed bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans following a smoke inhalation in jury.…”

Inhalation injury in 11 Thoroughbred racehorses: Clinical course on bronchoscopy, treatment and postinjury racing performance

“…Many human patients with smoke inhalation injury develop decreased pulmonary function shortly after injury, but in most cases, function returns to normal with 5 months of inhalation injury (Whitener et al, 1980). Isolated cases of late bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as well as bronchiectasis and progressive respiratory failure, have been reported, but are rare (Perez‐Guerra et al, 1971; Slutzker et al, 1989; Stenton et al, 1988). In humans, the severity of inhalation injury correlates with mortality and is reported to be high in patients whose AIS is above G2 (Endorf & Gamelli, 2007).…”