Brinquedo Terapêutico: Preparo De Crianças Em Idade Pré-Escolar Para Punção Venosa

Abstract

No período de hospitalização, a criança passa a vivenciar situações de estresse, decorrentes da mudança de rotina e do afastamento da família e dos amigos. Por essa razão, em um ambiente hospitalar, é necessário utilizar estratégias de enfrentamento que reduzam os prejuízos ao desenvolvimento, o que nos leva a averiguar a eficácia do uso do brinquedo terapêutico dramático no preparo de crianças em idade pré-escolar para procedimentos de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa do tipo intervenção, realizada com cinco pré-escolares, por meio de entrevista aberta e observação participante, durante sessões de Brinquedo Terapêutico Dramático. A análise dos dados ocorreu conforme os pressupostos da análise temática. Todos os aspectos preconizados pela resolução 466//12 foram seguidos. Resultados e Discussão: durante as sessões do Brinquedo Terapêutico, as crianças expressaram suas angústias e medos, através das falas e gestos, o que demonstra a relevância desta técnica na assistência infantil. A organização e interpretação dos dados permitiram a construção de três categorias: "Compreensão do Não Dito"; "Temor ao Trauma Físico e sua Supressão" e "Assimilação do procedimento. Conclusão: as crianças que fizeram uso do brinquedo terapêutico demonstraram confiança, aceitando melhor os procedimentos, como também tiveram amenizado o estresse decorrente da hospitalização, facilitando dessa forma, o desenvolvimento da assistência.

Percepção da criança hospitalizada acerca do brinquedo terapêutico instrucional na terapia intravenosa

“…This result is in line with the objectives proposed by this instrument, which is seen as a tool capable of mitigating the suffering and trauma resulting from hospitalization, and consequently carrying out invasive procedures. 13,15,19 Favoring the child's understanding of the procedures to which they will be submitted, and the real benefits of these for their health, is one of the main objectives of the ITP practice, which aims to enable the dramatization of the procedure by the child, with the purpose of reducing the levels of anxiety, fear, tension, anguish and suffering presented by these.…”

“…15 This result was similar to that obtained in the study about the use of therapeutic plays in the preparation of children of preschool age for venipuncture, who found that one of the children understood venipuncture only as a means of obtaining a cure for the disease, and return to residence, without knowing for sure how the medication works and its benefits for the improvement of your clinical condition. 19,21 When the child has the opportunity to play and dramatize IVT, through ITP, the pain, loneliness, fear and crying are alleviated. Corroborating the results of contemporary studies on the use of ITP to prepare hospitalized children for IVT, 5,21,23,25,26 it was possible to glimpse the expression of positive responses of the child after this technique, of which we can mention: the reduction of fear; tranquility before the procedure; the relaxed posture; the cooperation of the child; the greater interaction with the health team and other children hospitalized and the reduction of tension levels.…”

“…Research carried out with preschoolers, 24 on how they would like to be treated by nursing during hospitalization, highlighted among the main results the need to include the child in care, clarifying the procedures and offering time to express feelings and desires, an action that allows the expression of the infant's autonomy, greater acceptance of procedures, minimization of tension, and better interaction with the health team. 19,27 After the session with the ITP, most children, to the detriment of the attenuation of the levels of fear, anxiety and tension, resulting from the instructional practice, were more relaxed and safe, aspects that favor their understanding and acceptance about the IVT, allowing the child to respond better to stimuli and requests, and to perceive hospitalization as less frightening. 13,15,24 Thus, when the nurse professional is aware of the impact generated by hospitalization on the child's behavioral reactions, he/she understands and sensitizes him/herself to the promotion of active listening, as a means of understanding the particularities, anxieties, anxieties, fears and desires of the child, as well as the need to integrate more humanized practices in the care of hospitalized children, such as ITP, storytelling, play therapy and other.…”

Perfil de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia geral em um hospital pediátrico: implicações para a enfermagem

“…Tal realidade impõe a necessidade de estratégias para minimizar esse sofrimento, especialmente no que tange o preparo da criança para vivenciar esse momento de forma menos traumática, principalmente entre pré-escolares, faixa etária prevalente nessa pesquisa. Nessa vertente, a literatura aponta como possibilidade a utilização do brinquedo terapêutico (27) , inclusive nos moldes de aplicativo (app) (26) .…”

Psychological preparation for dental treatment in children: A randomized clinical study

“…Among these health care, there is dental treatment, which has been the object of study, as these psycho-affective reactions influence the postponement of demand for dental professionals and, consequently, in poor oral health conditions. Oral diseases are a public health issue because they have a high prevalence, but they also cause individual and collective impacts regarding pain, discomfort, social and functional limitations that affect the individual's quality of life (Pessoas, Santos, Cruz, Marques & Lubenow, 2018). As a result of these implications, research has shown interference in oral health care due to anxiety and fear caused by dental treatment (Bottan, Lehmkuhl & Araújo, 2008;Hass, Oliveira & Azevedo, 2016;Martins, Belila, Garbin, C. A. S., & Garbin, 2017;Sanshatone, Bolsson, Pereira, Carpes & Santos, 2017;Soares, Lima, Barreto & Colares, 2015).…”