Breastfeeding indicators in Dakahlia Governorate

Abstract

This study was carried out in Dakahlia Governorate to assess current breastfeeding practices using the standardized breastfeeding indicators developed by the World Health Organization and to highlight the impact of some socioeconomic and maternal factors on these indicators. An interview was carried out with mothers of 1200 infants and children < 24 months during a poliomyelitis immunization campaign in urban and rural areas. The findings indicate that 84.6% of infants aged 0-4 months are fully breastfed, with 42.5% and 42.1% of them exclusively and predominantly breastfed respectively. Rural infants are more likely to be exclusively breastfed, to continue breastfeeding for 1 year and to initiate breastfeeding early. Non-working mothers are more likely to breastfeed exclusively and more likely to continue breastfeeding for 1 year

Exclusive Breastfeeding in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21…”

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21 Not giving prelacteal feed, timely breastfeeding initiation, and on-demand feeding all are associated with likelihood of 210 EL-GILANY ET AL.…”

Exclusive Breastfeeding in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21…”

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21 Not giving prelacteal feed, timely breastfeeding initiation, and on-demand feeding all are associated with likelihood of 210 EL-GILANY ET AL.…”

Sociodemographic Determinants of Healthcare-Seeking Options and Alternative Management Practices of Childhood Diarrheal Illness: A Household Survey among Mothers in Iraq

“…This finding might indicate that those mothers who have a higher education level are attaining more awareness on good child-feeding practices, hygiene behaviors, and safe handling of water which in turn are important factors for reducing the risks associated with childhood diarrhea. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] In addition to mothers' education level, the present study observed that the reported occurrence of diarrhea is likely to be less in children belonging to mothers aged > 25 years compared with mothers aged £ 25 years. The former finding was also revealed in studies from Iraq 32 and Jordan, 27 also indicating a lower likelihood of diarrhea rates among children from mothers aged > 25 years than children belonging to mothers aged £ 25 years.…”

“…This occurrence of diarrhea is higher than the rate reported for a similar age-group (21.3%) in a national household survey among Iraqi mothers in the year 2000 11 and is also higher than levels in similar household studies conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean region, including Jordan (19.1%) 27 and Egypt (23.6%; Dakahlia). 28 Nevertheless, a number of other community studies reported higher rates of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, for example, North and South Ethiopia (30.5-31.3%), [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Afghanistan (32.5%), 30 Burundi rural areas (32.6), 3 and southern Nepal (36.6%). 21 Promotion of hygiene and health education messages in the community and family is regarded as a key pillar in the fight against childhood diarrhea.…”

Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among under five children in Africa: A meta-analysis

“…This finding is in line with a study from Pakistan [ 91 ]. This is justified by the fact that as the number of children in a household increases, parental care and attention tend to decline, making children more vulnerable to contamination [ 93 ]. Further, those with diarrheal disease can easily spread it to others in the household with more family members [ 91 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Exclusive Breastfeeding in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21…”

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21 Not giving prelacteal feed, timely breastfeeding initiation, and on-demand feeding all are associated with likelihood of 210 EL-GILANY ET AL.…”

Sociodemographic Determinants of Healthcare-Seeking Options and Alternative Management Practices of Childhood Diarrheal Illness: A Household Survey among Mothers in Iraq

“…This finding might indicate that those mothers who have a higher education level are attaining more awareness on good child-feeding practices, hygiene behaviors, and safe handling of water which in turn are important factors for reducing the risks associated with childhood diarrhea. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] In addition to mothers' education level, the present study observed that the reported occurrence of diarrhea is likely to be less in children belonging to mothers aged > 25 years compared with mothers aged £ 25 years. The former finding was also revealed in studies from Iraq 32 and Jordan, 27 also indicating a lower likelihood of diarrhea rates among children from mothers aged > 25 years than children belonging to mothers aged £ 25 years.…”

“…This occurrence of diarrhea is higher than the rate reported for a similar age-group (21.3%) in a national household survey among Iraqi mothers in the year 2000 11 and is also higher than levels in similar household studies conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean region, including Jordan (19.1%) 27 and Egypt (23.6%; Dakahlia). 28 Nevertheless, a number of other community studies reported higher rates of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, for example, North and South Ethiopia (30.5-31.3%), [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Afghanistan (32.5%), 30 Burundi rural areas (32.6), 3 and southern Nepal (36.6%). 21 Promotion of hygiene and health education messages in the community and family is regarded as a key pillar in the fight against childhood diarrhea.…”

Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among under five children in Africa: A meta-analysis

“…This finding is in line with a study from Pakistan [ 91 ]. This is justified by the fact that as the number of children in a household increases, parental care and attention tend to decline, making children more vulnerable to contamination [ 93 ]. Further, those with diarrheal disease can easily spread it to others in the household with more family members [ 91 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Exclusive Breastfeeding in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21…”

“…33,34 The other demographic feature that is independently associated with more likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding is rural residence. Studies in Egypt and China have reported the same finding; 23,35 however, another study from Iran reported no significant differences. 21 Not giving prelacteal feed, timely breastfeeding initiation, and on-demand feeding all are associated with likelihood of 210 EL-GILANY ET AL.…”

Sociodemographic Determinants of Healthcare-Seeking Options and Alternative Management Practices of Childhood Diarrheal Illness: A Household Survey among Mothers in Iraq

“…This finding might indicate that those mothers who have a higher education level are attaining more awareness on good child-feeding practices, hygiene behaviors, and safe handling of water which in turn are important factors for reducing the risks associated with childhood diarrhea. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] In addition to mothers' education level, the present study observed that the reported occurrence of diarrhea is likely to be less in children belonging to mothers aged > 25 years compared with mothers aged £ 25 years. The former finding was also revealed in studies from Iraq 32 and Jordan, 27 also indicating a lower likelihood of diarrhea rates among children from mothers aged > 25 years than children belonging to mothers aged £ 25 years.…”

“…This occurrence of diarrhea is higher than the rate reported for a similar age-group (21.3%) in a national household survey among Iraqi mothers in the year 2000 11 and is also higher than levels in similar household studies conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean region, including Jordan (19.1%) 27 and Egypt (23.6%; Dakahlia). 28 Nevertheless, a number of other community studies reported higher rates of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, for example, North and South Ethiopia (30.5-31.3%), [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Afghanistan (32.5%), 30 Burundi rural areas (32.6), 3 and southern Nepal (36.6%). 21 Promotion of hygiene and health education messages in the community and family is regarded as a key pillar in the fight against childhood diarrhea.…”

Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among under five children in Africa: A meta-analysis

“…This finding is in line with a study from Pakistan [ 91 ]. This is justified by the fact that as the number of children in a household increases, parental care and attention tend to decline, making children more vulnerable to contamination [ 93 ]. Further, those with diarrheal disease can easily spread it to others in the household with more family members [ 91 , 93 , 94 ].…”