Breast-Milk Monitoring to Measure Michigan's Contamination With Polybrominated Biphenyls

Brilliant, Lawrence B.; Amburg, George Van; Isbister, John; Humphrey, Harold E. B.; Wilcox, Kenneth R.; Eyster, Janet; Bloomer, Arthur W.; Price, Harold A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92758-7

Cited by 101 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Within the nursing period, a decrease of the dioxin level (TEq) by 15% was measured after 6 weeks and by 25% after 12 weeks (26,27 (29). In Germany, levels of about 2 ng PBB/g fat were found to be present in human milk (30 (2) and data from a World Health Organization (WHO) study published in 1988 (31).…”

Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Somogyi¹,

Beck²

1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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All chemicals that are not normal constituents of human milk should be considered undesirable contaminants. In the present review, the following substances detected in human milk are considered: persistent organochlorine pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF); polybrominated compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); trace elements; mycotoxins; nitrate, nitrite, nitrosamines; nicotine, caffeine, ethanol; and drugs. The levels of most of these substances found in human milk were within a range that would not constitute health hazards for breast-fed infants. For many ofthese, there is a comfortable safety margin. This applies also to organochlorine pesticides and PCB, particularly since, as a result of their discontinued use, the levels of these compounds have clearly declined in recent years. On the other hand, the aflatoxin burden mediated through breast milk, at least in certain tropical countries, appears to pose a definite health hazard. Detailed reference are given on the contamination of human milk with PCDD/PCDF which has to be considered as a matter of concern from the viewpoint of preventive public health. Although the low PCDD/PCDF levels found in the adipose tissue of infants indicate that there is no appreciable health risk emanating from these substances for breast-fed infants, appropriate measures to reduce the current rate of their emission into the environment have to be taken.

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Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Somogyi¹,

Beck²

1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Data available on a total of 95 individuals suggest a nine-fold higher level of PBB in residents of the LP. 4 This study finds no important association between PBB exposure and the rate of late spontaneous abortion in 20 Michigan counties during the eight years following the accidental contamination of the Michigan food supply. Although these results are encouraging, misclassification of exposure may explain part or all of these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Polybrominated biphenyls and fetal mortality in Michigan.

Humble¹,

Speizer²

1984

Am J Public Health

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“…Since PBB is structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), it is known that PBB would be highly (9,10), blood (11,12), breast milk (13), and serum (14). The purpose of this report, an extension of our previous studies (8), is to provide information about PBB distribution in human tissues and document its persistence in the body ten years after the initial contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Persistence of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in human post-mortem tissue.

Miceli¹,

Nolan²,

Marks³

et al. 1985

Environ Health Perspect

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Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a fire retardant, was accidentally substituted for an animal feed supplement in Michigan 10 years ago. This led to widespread livestock contamination and ultimately to contamination of virtually every human residing in the State at that time. In order to evaluate the extent of PBB persistence and distribution in human tissues 10 years after this accidental poisoning, a study was conducted on a series of autopsy cases from the Grand Rapids ("high" exposure) area of the State. No attempt was made to relate cause of death to PBB exposure or tissue concentration. Samples of 196 tissues from 15 subjects were analyzed for PBB content, and levels were determined by measurement of the hexabromobiphenyl peak using electron capture gas chromatography. Only 4 of the 196 samples analyzed did not have PBB concentration above the limit of detection (0.5 ng/g). As expected, fat and fat-rich tissue had the highest PBB concentration. Perirenal fat had the highest mean concentration (475 ng/g). Adrenal, atheromatus aorta and thymus had mean concentrations about half that of perirenal fat; all other tissues had mean concentrations one-tenth or less of perirenal fat. The results document that PBB is still present in human tissue and that PBB was distributed in all tissues examined. The PBB fat elimination half-time was estimated to be at least 7.8 years. If this is approximately correct, PBB will persist in tissues throughout the lifetime of humans so contaminated.

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Breast-Milk Monitoring to Measure Michigan's Contamination With Polybrominated Biphenyls

Cited by 101 publications

References 13 publications

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Nurturing and Breast-Feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk

Polybrominated biphenyls and fetal mortality in Michigan.

Persistence of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in human post-mortem tissue.

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