2021
DOI: 10.1080/14616742.2021.1931395
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“Breaking bad”? Gangs, masculinities, and murder in Trinidad

Abstract: The murder rate in Port of Spain, Trinidad, rose dramatically around the turn of the millennium, driven overwhelmingly by young men in gangs in the city's poor neighborhoods. The literature frequently suggests a causal relationship between gang violence and rising transnational drug flows through Trinidad during this period. However, this is only part of a complex picture and misses the crucial mediating effect of evolving male identities in contexts of pronounced exclusion. Using original data, this article a… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…One major contextual change that has occurred between these two time points is the transformation of Trinidad into one of the most violent settings in the world as a result of shifts in the international narcotics trade, which has led to an exponential increase in gang-related crime and an influx of illicit substances and firearms (Knight, 2019). Port of Spain (the capital) has been most affected by drug trafficking and violent Psychological Medicine crime (Baird, Bishop, & Kerrigan, 2022). This speculative hypothesis for the exceedingly high incidence of psychosis in urban Trinidad can be examined in upcoming analyses of INTREPID II data on exposure to violence and drug use among cases and controls.…”
Section: Implications and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One major contextual change that has occurred between these two time points is the transformation of Trinidad into one of the most violent settings in the world as a result of shifts in the international narcotics trade, which has led to an exponential increase in gang-related crime and an influx of illicit substances and firearms (Knight, 2019). Port of Spain (the capital) has been most affected by drug trafficking and violent Psychological Medicine crime (Baird, Bishop, & Kerrigan, 2022). This speculative hypothesis for the exceedingly high incidence of psychosis in urban Trinidad can be examined in upcoming analyses of INTREPID II data on exposure to violence and drug use among cases and controls.…”
Section: Implications and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Problems associated with insecure land or housing tenure 9 and precarious access to basic services, in contexts characterised by protracted poverty, gendered inequalities, unemployment and ineffective or abusive policing, result in high levels of human insecurity for residents (Kloppe-Santamaria and Abello Colak, 2019; OSH, 2014). These overlapping insecurities may be linked to urban violence, as Baird et al (2022) show in Port of Spain where transnational drugs and arms trafficking overlay historically marginalised ‘social terrains’, sparking violence epidemics. Overlapping insecurities have arguably facilitated the expansion of illegal economies, increased violent actors’ influence, and perpetuated clientelistic practices and inequalities that fuel violence in informal contexts (Davis, 2014: 379; Hilgers and Macdonald, 2017).…”
Section: A Socio-spatial Framework To Explore Urban Securitisationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Siguiendo con el análisis este mismo autor en otra investigación (Darcy, 2020a), "el consumo competitivo se convierte en una herramienta para la hegemonía y de subordinación de otras masculinidades en contexto homosociales" (p. 18). Ampliando la idea anterior, cuando el consumo de sustancias es ilegal y esto se entrecruza con la vulnerabilidad social, se observan fenómenos de violencia y masculinidad, donde emergen las pandillas, que sirven como un contexto de articulación de poder masculino, estatus y capital, superpuesto a la vulnerabilidad y exclusión social, produciendo una estructura de género que sitúa y posiciona a las masculinidades que participan de ella y sometiendo a las que no, según concluyen Baird et al, 2021. Con ello esta masculinidad que emerge desde el narcotráfico y la violencia, necesita construir una imagen de dureza y violencia, cuya masculinidad es una negación de lo femenino, distanciándose de aquello que puede considerarse infantil u homosexual (Contreras, 2009), además de llegar a establecer ciertas masculinidades narcos, siendo estas adecuaciones de modelos hegemónicos empoderados por el uso de recursos, violencia, poder, capacidad de mando o de infundir temor y respeto, con variables exacerbadas actualmente por el militarismo, como caso extremo, según lo observado en México por Córdova Plaza y Hernández Sánchez, (2017).…”
Section: El Estudio De Las Masculinidades Vulnerabilidad Y Consumo De...unclassified
“…Salguero Velásquez (2013), como parte de un discurso social hegemónico de validación, sino más cercano a lo descrito porNascimento (2016), dado que las drogas configuran la masculinidad por su contexto social situado y que en este caso es el contexto barrial. Este consumo es relevante y fundante, ya que esto le otorga, por un lado, la invulnerabilidad y el ejercicio extremo de la masculinidad como lo planteado por Darcy (2020a) yBaird et al (2021), y aun cuando los relatos muestran lo extremo de las prácticas generizadas de violencia relacionadas al consumo, estas no escalan a lo planteado por Córdova Plaza y…”
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