Brassinosteroids mediate the effect of soil-drying during meiosis on spikelet degeneration in rice

Zhang, Weiyang; Sheng, Jiayan; Li-dong, FU; Xu, Yunji; Xiong, Fei; Wu, Yunfei; Wang, Weilu; Wang, Zhiqin; Zhang, Jianhua

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103887

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For all N treatments, N as urea was also applied at pretransplanting (one day before transplanting), early tillering (seven days after transplanting), and panicle initiation at 60, 30, and 60 kg/ha N, respectively. The developmental stages were observed by frequent inspection of the meristems using a microscope and leaf remainder (LR) through peeling and examining leaves as described previously (Zhang, Sheng, et al, 2019; Zhang, Zhu, et al, 2019). The panicle initiation was defined as the first appearance of a differentiated apex (LR: 4.0–3.5) and the SD as the appearance of glumous flower primordia at the tips of elongating primary rachis branches (the length of the young panicles was approximately 1.0–1.5 mm, LR: 2.0–1.6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling and measurements were mainly made at PMCm when the ligule of the flag leaf was 0 cm below that of the penultimate leaf because rice spikelet degeneration mainly occurs at this stage (Wang, Zhang, & Yang, 2018; Zhang, Sheng, et al, 2019; Zhang, Zhu, et al, 2019). One hundred main stems were tagged in each plot during tillering, and young panicles were sampled from the tagged stems at PMCm for the measurement of BRs contents, cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities, levels of ATP and energy charge (EC), T‐AOC, H 2 O 2 content, and expression levels of the VPE genes ( OsVPE2 and OsVPE3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data acquisition and analysis were performed using the Xcalibur Data System (Thermo Fisher Scientific). In this study, 24‐epicastasterone (24‐epiCS) and 28‐homobrassinolide (28‐homoBL) were analyzed because of their high biological activity in rice (Bajguz & Tretyn, 2003; Zhang, Sheng, et al, 2019; Zhang, Zhu, et al, 2019). The 24‐epiCS and 28‐homoBL contents were expressed as pmol/g dry weight (DW).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spikelet degeneration, or spikelet abortion, is very common in cereals such as rice ( Oryza sativa L.) that is a serious physiological defect and constraint to grain production (Yoshida, Ohmori, Kitano, Taguchi‐Shiobara, & Hirano, 2012; Zhang, Sheng, et al, 2019). Reduction or elimination of spikelet degeneration to increase spikelet number is critical for increasing rice grain yield, and great effort has been made to decrease spikelet degeneration in rice using agronomic, genetic, and molecular approaches (Heng et al, 2018; Tang, Sun, Xu, & Yu, 2011; Zhang, Sheng, et al, 2019; Zhang, Zhu, et al, 2019). However, the mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One potentially damaging effect of metabolism is the deleterious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), during normal respiration, photosynthesis, N fixation, and abiotic stress responses (Ahmad, Jaleel, Salem, Nabi, & Sharma, 2010; Chen, Zhang, & Zhang, 2019; Choudhury, Rivero, Blumwald, & Mittler, 2017). Indeed, excessive H 2 O 2 is the main factor that causes programmed cell death (PCD) and rice spikelet degeneration through the destruction of cell membrane integrity (Ali, Xu, Riaz, & Wu, 2019; Heng et al, 2018; Zhang, Sheng, et al, 2019). In addition to ROS levels, cellular energy supply is another important factor that controls growth and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of brassinosteroids to nitrogen rates and their regulation on rice spikelet degeneration during meiosis

Zhang

Li-dong

Men

et al. 2020

Food and Energy Security

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The plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in modulating flower and fruit production. Nitrogen (N) is a key factor affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. We hypothesized that BRs would respond to N application rates at spikelet differentiation (SD) and regulate spikelet degeneration in rice. Three rice cultivars were field‐grown and treated with five N rates at SD. Plant N and BRs contents, antioxidant capacity, and energy status were observed during meiosis in young panicles, and their relationships with spikelet degeneration were evaluated. In all the N treatments, the BRs, adenosine triphosphate, and energy charge levels, activities of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, total antioxidant capacity, and grain yield, were the highest, whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and vacuolar processing enzymes (VPE) genes expression levels, and spikelet degeneration rate were the lowest when plant N content was 2.6% during meiosis. The rice BRs‐deficient mutants showed substantial reduction in BRs levels, antioxidant capacity, and energy status, but great increase in H2O2 content, VPE genes expression levels, and spikelet degeneration rate than the wild type (WT); moreover, these parameters in WT panicles could be regulated, whereas in BRs‐deficient mutant panicles, they were not distinctly affected by N application. The results indicated that BRs mediate the effects of N rates on spikelet degeneration, and elevated BRs levels in rice panicles effectively inhibit spikelet degeneration when plant N content is 2.6% during meiosis by elevating antioxidant capacity and energy status.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%