Brassinosteriod-induced Femaleness in Cucumber and Relationship to Ethylene Production

Papadopoulou, Ekaterina; Grumet, Rebecca

doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1763

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In maize, ineffective BR biosynthesis causes male sterility, which is due to the failed anther and pollen development [113,114]. In bisexual flower fruit cucumber, exogenous BR application accelerates and increases female flower organogenesis in a dose-dependent manner and this effect may attributes to the crosstalk of BR-ethylene [115].…”

Section: Role Br In Other Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Brassinosteroids in Plant Reproduction

2020

IJMS

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid hormones, essentially important for plant development and growth. BR signaling functions to promote cell expansion and cell division, and plays a role in etiolation and reproduction. As the phytohormone originally identified in the pollen grains of Brassica napus, BR promotes the elongation of stigma. Recent studies have revealed that BR is also critical for floral transition, inflorescence stem architecture formation and other aspects of plant reproductive processes. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of BRs in plant reproduction, the spatial and temporal control of BR signaling, and the downstream molecular mechanisms in both the model plant Arabidopsis and crops. The crosstalk of BR with environmental factors and other hormones in reproduction will also be discussed.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 872 2 of 16 BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR 1 (BKI1) [14][15][16][17]. Then the kinase domains of BRI1 and BAK1 are transphosphorylated and the phosphorylated BKI1 can associate with the 14-3-3 family proteins to further amplify BR signaling [16,18]. Another two plasma membrane-anchored cytoplasmic kinases, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALLING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and CONSTITUTIVE DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH 1 (CDG1) are also phosphorylated by activated BRI1 to inactivate the phosphatase BRI1-SUPPESSOR 1 (BSU1) [19][20][21]. BSU1 in turn dephosphorylates a conserved tyrosine residue of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2), leading to the inactivation of this GSK3-like kinase [22]. The function of BIN2 is to phosphorylate and inactivate two homologous transcription factors, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BR1-EMS-SUPPRESSSOR 1 (BES1) in the absence of BR [23][24][25]. The phosphorylation leads to the deactivation of these two transcription factors [26]. In high BR level, BSU1 inactivates BIN2 and unphosphorylated BZR1 and BES1 can initiate BR regulated gene activation and repression [23,27]. BZR1 and BES1 initiate BR responsive gene expression by recognizing and binding to the BR response DNA cis-element BR-Response Element (BRRE, CGTGC/TG) and E-box (CANNTG) [23,28]. Gain-of-function bzr1-1D and bes1-D contain a proline to leucine mutation in the protein degradation domain and therefore exhibit BR constitutive phenotypes [24,25,29]. However, the bzr1-1D and bes1-D are morphologically different, indicating the two proteins are involved in distinct BR functions. A number of transcription factors and histone modifiers are identified to interact with BZR1/BES1 for the control of various BR responses [28,[30][31][32][33]. BZR1 and BES1 belong to a six-member small family clade, consisting another four homologs, BES1/BZR1 homolog 1 to 4 (BEH1-4), which also act as downstream transcription factors in BR signaling pathway [28].BR regulates a broad range of plant growth and development, including hypocotyl elongation, root development, skotomorphogenesis, vascular differentiation, floral transition, anther development, and pollen grain maturation. In this review, we will focus on the functions ...

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Section: Role Br In Other Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Brassinosteroids in Plant Reproduction

2020

IJMS

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“…). Similarly, auxins and brassinosteroids promote femaleness in cucumber probably stimulating ethylene production (Shannon and De La Guardia , Papadopoulou and Grumet ). Hand pollination and applications of ethephon are regularly used for squash seed production, mainly for interspecific hybrids between Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Della Gaspera ).…”

Section: Pollination Control Methods In Different Vegetable Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of ethylene or ethylene-releasing compounds increases female flower production in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) and monoecious cucumber (Robinson et al 1969, Rudich et al 1969, Hume and Lovell 1981, Manzano et al 2011. Similarly, auxins and brassinosteroids promote femaleness in cucumber probably stimulating ethylene production (Shannon andDe La Guardia 1969, Papadopoulou andGrumet 2005). Hand pollination and applications of ethephon are regularly used for squash seed production, mainly for interspecific hybrids between Cucurbita maxima Duchesne 9 Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Della Gaspera 2013).…”

Section: Cucurbitaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of genetic, manual and chemical methods to control pollination in vegetable hybrid seed production: a review

Colombo¹,

Galmarini

2017

Plant Breeding

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Production of hybrid varieties of vegetable crops is currently a desired breeding goal, due to their remarkable agronomic performance and to the possibility of intellectual property protection. However, efficient hybrid production requires a careful pollination control to guarantee the hybrid nature of F 1 seed. Several technologies ranging from manual emasculation to genetic transformation are used to inhibit pollen production in mother plants. In this review, we examine the principles underlying strategies like genetically determined systems (genic male sterility, cytoplasmic-genic male sterility, self-incompatibility) and other methods (manual emasculation, chemical-hybridizing agents) in different species, considering the benefits and drawbacks of their adoption. Finally, we present the current state of the art for vegetable hybrid seed production.

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“…Treatment with auxin or gaseous ethylene, ethephon, or ethrel (all ethylene-releasing substances from plant tissues) induces the development of female flowers (Rudich et al 1972). The application of exogenous brassinosteroids also increases femaleness in cucumber a n d c a u s e s i n c r e a s e d e t h y l e n e p r o d u c t i o n (Papadopoulou and Grumet 2005). In contrast, GA induce masculinity, whereas application of AVG (an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) or AgNO 3 (an ethylene action inhibitor) converts female plants to male ones (Malepszy and Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1991;Yin and Quinn 1995).…”

Section: Environmental and Hormonal Factors Influencing Sex Determinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of brassinosteroids (BRs), another type of phytohormone, influences cucumber flowering time and increases the number of female flowers. BRs also increase ethylene production and indirectly take part in cucumber sex determination through induction of ethylene biosynthesis (Papadopoulou and Grumet 2005;Wu et al 2010). A genome-wide analysis allowed the identification and characterization of a gene described as CsPSTK1, presumably correlated with female flower formation.…”

Section: Environmental and Hormonal Factors Influencing Sex Determinamentioning

confidence: 99%