Branded milks – Are they immune from microplastics contamination?

Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy; Pérez-Guevara, Fermín; Elizalde, Ignacio; Shruti, V.C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136823

Cited by 271 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Microplastics have been also detected in cow milk samples for adults and children. All samples contained microplastic particles, with differences in the amounts (1 to 14 particles/L) [51]. Of the total detected microplastics, 97.5% were fibres and 2.5% were fragments: microplastics < 0.5 mm were dominant (40%) followed by the sizes 0.5-1 mm (28%) and 1-2 mm (25%).…”

Section: Human Exposure To Microplastics Through Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

2020

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Background Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due to food processes and packaging. Objective The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of nano- and microplastics on intestinal homeostasis. Methods We conducted a literature search focused on the in vivo effects of nano- and microplastics on gut epithelium and microbiota, as well as on immune response. Results Numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to nano- and microplastics leads to impairments in oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balance, and disruption of the gut’s epithelial permeability. Other notable effects of nano- and microplastic exposure include dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiota) and immune cell toxicity. Moreover, microplastics contain additives, adsorb contaminants, and may promote the growth of bacterial pathogens on their surfaces: they are potential carriers of intestinal toxicants and pathogens that can potentially lead to further adverse effects. Conclusion Despite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.

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Section: Human Exposure To Microplastics Through Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

2020

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“…They were investigated in liquids such as beer [ 32 , 104 ], honey [ 105 , 106 , 107 ], and milk [ 108 ]. The concentrations ranged from n.d. to several hundred particles per liter [ 32 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. The high concentrations of microplastics in beer samples require further confirmation because staining and visual counting may have overestimated the number of particles [ 32 , 104 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Kwon

Kim

Pham

et al. 2020

IJERPH

126

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Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.

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“…Apart from marine species, recent scienti c review papers have highlighted the unequivocal presence of MPs in a wider variety of foods intended for human consumption (29). These foods include poultry meat, snails, edible salts, sugar, honey, and various beverages like drinking and bottled waters, soft drinks, cold tea, beers and liquid milk products (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Reports on the occurrence of MPs have led to increased media interest and concerns about this emerging issue among some international agencies and public health organizations (41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paucity of data in food commodities in general prompted us to study the occurrence of MPs in selected food materials, starting with cow's milk products. The level of contamination of MPs in milk products remains largely unknown due to the scarcity of published scienti c data, and associated di culty to isolate and quantify MPs in such complex food matrix (39,40). Along a dairy supply chain, contamination with MPs can occur at various stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterization of Small-Sized Microplastics (≥ 4 µm) in Milk Products

Pac¹,

Andrey²,

Ericksen³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Microplastics (MPs) have gained a high degree of public interest since they are associated with the global release of plastics into the environment. As a result, MPs have also been detected along the food chain. However, information on the ingestion of MPs via the consumption of many commonly consumed foods like dairy products are scarce due to the lack of studies investigating the “contamination” of this food group by MPs. This lack of occurrence data is mainly due to the absence of robust analytical methods capable of reliably quantifying MPs with size < 20 µm in foods. In this work, we have developed a new methodology to accurately determine and characterize MPs in milk-based products using μRaman technology, entailing combined enzymatic and chemical digestion steps. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of relatively low amounts of small-sized MP (≥ 4 µm) in raw milk collected at farm just after the milking machine and in some processed commercial liquid and powdered cow’s milk products.

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Branded milks – Are they immune from microplastics contamination?

Cited by 271 publications

References 54 publications

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges

Detection and Characterization of Small-Sized Microplastics (≥ 4 µm) in Milk Products

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