Brain metastases in colorectal cancer

Pramateftakis, Manousos-Georgios; Hatzigianni, P.; Kanellos, D.; Vrakas, G.; Kanellos, Ioannis; Agelopoulos, S.; Ouzounidis, Nikolaos; Lazaridis, Charalampos

doi:10.1007/s10151-010-0624-x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…In the present study, the incidence of brain metastasis from CRC was 0.73%, which was similar to the rate reported by Pramateftakis et al, and those from the Singapore General Hospital and the Veteran General Hospital, Taipei (0.6-0.8%) [15][16][17], but lower than the rate by other investigators [5-8, 13, 14]. Eight patients were excluded due to clinical suspicion about their diagnosis of BM, which may explain the lower incidence rate found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Brain metastases from colorectal carcinoma: a description of 60 cases in a single Chinese cancer center

et al. 2011

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The incidence of brain metastasis (BM) from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is increasing. The objectives of the present study were to explore the clinical characteristics and potential prognostic factors in CRC patients with BM. Between April 1991 and December 2010, all CRC patients treated in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively reviewed and 60 patients were identified to have BM (36 males and 24 females). The association between patients and their tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and survival were statistically analyzed. The median age at diagnosis of BM was 62.5 years. Fifty-three patients (88.3%) developed extracranial metastases at diagnosis of BM. The cause of death was systemic disease in 19 patients and neurological disease in 23 patients. Brain metastases were primarily treated with either whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT; 15 patients), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; nine patients), or surgical resection (seven patients). Ten patients received WBRT and SRS, and 19 patients (31.7%) were treated with steroids alone. The median survival after diagnosis of BM was 8 months (95% confidence interval = 4.2-11.8 months). Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, the number of brain lesions, and treatment modality type were significantly associated with survival. Although BM from CRC is a late-stage phenomenon with an extremely poor prognosis, some subsets of patients would benefit from a multidisciplinary management strategy. A low RPA class and a limited number of brain lesions may predict increased survival after therapy for CRC patients with BM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Brain metastases from colorectal carcinoma: a description of 60 cases in a single Chinese cancer center

et al. 2011

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“…CRC patients Inci-dence CI 95 % Conse-cutive Type of study a Inclusion criteria for patients with CRC used in the studies. Noura et al [ 7 ] 1985–2006 Japan 2299 1.3 % (0.8–1.8 %) YES Clinical Diagnosed CRC Suzuki et al [ 8 ] 1979–2010 Japan 5345 2.6 % (2.2–3.1 %) - Clinical Diagnosed CRC Hugen et al b [ 9 ] 1991–2010 Netherlands 5817 0.9 % (0.7–1.2 %) NO Autopsy Diagnosed CRC Tan et al [ 10 ] 1995–2003 Singapore 4378 0.6 % (0.4–0.9 %) YES Clinical Diagnosed CRC Mongan et al [ 11 ] 1984–2006 USA 1620 2.3 % (1.7–3.3 %) YES Clinical Diagnosed CRC Jung M et al [ 12 ] 1995–2008 Korea 8732 1.5 % (1.2–1.7 %) YES Clinical Diagnosed CRC Pramateftakis et al [ 13 ] 1990–2009 Greece 670 0.7 % (0.2–1.7 %) YES Clinical Diagnosed CRC Jiang et al [ 14 ] 1991–2010 China 8220 0.7 % (0.6–0.9 %) - Clinical Diagnosed CRC Te...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported an incidence from various CRC populations (Table 1 ), including three that also reported an incidence in all patients with CRC [ 9 , 13 , 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BM patients Median age (years) Median BMFI (month) Male Rectal primary Extracranial metastases Lung metastases Liver metastases Characteristics of patients with brain metastases in studies including all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. ᅟNoura et al [ 7 ] 1985–2006 2299 29 61.1 (mean) 34.3 79 % 59 % 79 % 69 % 24 % ᅟSuzuki et al [ 8 ] 1979–2010 5345 142 61 22.8 61 % 43 % 78 % 66 % 42 % ᅟHugen et al [ 9 ] 1991–2010 5817 54 - - - 41 % - - - ᅟTan et al [ 10 ] 1995–2003 4378 27 66 27.5 52 % 56 % 93 % 82 % 51.9 % ᅟMongan et al [ 11 ] 1984–2006 1620 39 - 25 54 % 43 % 100 % 78 % ᅟJung et al [ 12 ] 1995–2008 8732 126 - 28.7 62 % 63 % 92.3 % 72 % 32.5 % ᅟPramateftakis et al [ 13 ] 1990–2009 670 5 55.7 7.5 (mean) 80 % …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review: brain metastases from colorectal cancer—Incidence and patient characteristics

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBrain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a rare event. However, the implications for affected patients are severe, and the incidence has been reported to be increasing. For clinicians, knowledge about the characteristics associated with BM is important and could lead to earlier diagnosis and improved survival.MethodIn this paper, we describe the incidence as well as characteristics associated with BM based on a systematic review of the current literature, following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsWe show that the incidence of BM in CRC patients ranges from 0.6 to 3.2 %. BM are a late stage phenomenon, and young age, rectal primary and lung metastases are associated with increased risk of developing BM. Molecular markers such as KRAS, BRAF, NRAS mutation as well as an increase in CEA and CA19.9 levels are suggested predictors of brain involvement. However, only KRAS mutations are reasonably well investigated and associated with an increased risk of BM.ConclusionThe incidence of BM from CRC is 0.6 to 3.2 % and did not seem to increase over time. Development of BM is associated with young age, lung metastases, rectal primary and KRAS mutation. Increased awareness of brain involvement in patients with these characteristics is necessary.

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“…Overall rates were only 28% and 15% for stages III and IV, respectively, due to missing data. Associated liver and lung metastases were reported in 39% (from 12% to 80%) and 63% (from 27% to 92%) of patients, respectively. There was a regular relationship between the presence of lung metastases and the subsequent development of BMs .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain metastases from colorectal cancer: characteristics and management

Mège

Sans

Ouaïssi

et al. 2017

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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Brain metastases in colorectal cancer

Abstract: Brain metastases associated with colorectal cancer are relatively rare, but also a frequent cause of death.

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Brain metastases from colorectal carcinoma: a description of 60 cases in a single Chinese cancer center

Brain metastases from colorectal carcinoma: a description of 60 cases in a single Chinese cancer center

Systematic review: brain metastases from colorectal cancer—Incidence and patient characteristics

Brain metastases from colorectal cancer: characteristics and management

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