BRAIN INJURY: MEDICO-SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS. Review

Abstract

The review provides up-to-date data on the medico-social significance and scientific aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), in particular, the processes of neuroinflammation and the development of autoimmune reactions. According to the results of the analysis of open literature (PumMed database), it is established that among persons of working age, TBI holds the first place in the mortality structure, which is 2-3 times higher in Ukraine than similar indicators of economically developed countries. Each year, TBI costs the world economy about $ 400 billion, which is 0.5% of the gross world product. From a scientific point of view, TBI can be regarded as a continuous, possibly lifelong, process that affects multiple organ systems and can be a cause of traumatic disease. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of TBI that successively change each other (necrosis, axonal damage, gliosis/microgliosis, apoptosis, demyelinization and neuroregeneration) are highlighted.

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