BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer - A rare targetable driver mutation

Luk, Peter P.; Yu, Bing; Ng, Chiu Chin; Mercorella, Belinda; Selinger, Christina; O’Toole, Sandra A.; Cooper, Wendy A.

doi:10.1097/01.pat.0000443578.89422.c9

Cited by 14 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In the cases where EGFR mutations are not detected, other mutations are screened ( Figure 1) [2,20,67]. A variety of techniques could be used for the assessment of these driver mutations status in tumor samples, including protein expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene copy number via fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and mutations identification by direct sequencing (sanger or next generation sequencing (NGS) [56,68,69]). FISH and direct sequencing are standard techniques for the detection of biomarker alterations that show limitations in clinical approaches.…”

Section: Aberrations In the Insulin-like Growth Factor (Igf) Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers and targeted therapy - two faces of the same coin fostered by nanotechnology

Mendes

Carreira

Baptista

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world, non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent subtype (85% of the cases). Within this subtype, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most frequent. New therapeutic strategies based on targeted delivery of drugs have relied on the use of biomarkers derived from the patients' molecular profiling. Several biomarkers have been found to be useful for use as targets for precision therapy in NSCLC, such as mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor, v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor tyrosine kinase, BRAF, c-ros oncogene 1, P53 and phosphatase with tensin homology. Current developments in Nanomedicine have allowed for multifunctional systems capable of delivering therapeutics with increased precision to the target site/tissue, while simultaneously assisting in diagnosis. Here, we review the use of biomarkers in nanotechnology translation in NSCLC management. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Aberrations In the Insulin-like Growth Factor (Igf) Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers and targeted therapy - two faces of the same coin fostered by nanotechnology

Mendes

Carreira

Baptista

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development

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“…BRAF acts as a kinase that connects the RAS guanosine triphosphate to the proteins found within the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (19). A BRAF mutation promotes tumorigenesis by activating the proliferative pathway and MAPK2 and MAPK3 (20).…”

Section: Braf Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded molecular interrogation for potential actionable targets in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer

et al. 2017

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The advent of targeted therapies has established new standards of care for defined molecular subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Not only has this led to significant changes in the routine clinical management of lung cancer e.g., multiplexed genomic testing, but it has provided important principles and benchmarks for determining "actionability". At present, the clinical paradigms are most evolved for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements, where multiple randomized phase III trials have determined optimal treatment strategies in both treatment naïve and resistant settings. However, this may not always be feasible with low prevalence alterations e.g., ROS1 and BRAF mutations. Another emerging observation is that not all targets are equally "actionable", necessitating a rigorous preclinical, clinical and translational framework to prosecute new targets and drug candidates. In this review, we will cover the role of targeted therapies for NSCLC harbouring BRAF, MET, HER2 and RET alterations, all of which have shown promise in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (ns-NSCLC). We further review some early epigenetic targets in NSCLC, an area of emerging interest. With increased molecular segmentation of lung cancer, we discuss the upcoming challenges in drug development and implementation of precision oncology approaches, especially in light of the complex and rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape.

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“…the percentage of smoking patients varies between 57-100%, with smoking being more prevalent in the population with non-V600E BRAF mutations [Brustugun et al 2014;Cardarella et al 2013;Ilie et al 2013;Litvak et al 2014;Luk et al 2015;Marchetti et al 2011;Paik et al 2011;Tissot et al 2016;Villaruz et al 2015].…”

Section: Distribution Of Braf Aberrations In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somatic mutations in BRAF are observed in 1-4% of NSCLC cases [Ali et al 2015;Brustugun et al 2014;Cardarella et al 2013;Ilie et al 2013;Kinno et al 2014;Litvak et al 2014;Luk et al 2015;Marchetti et al 2011;Paik et al 2011;Tissot et al 2016;Villaruz et al 2015]. Lung adenocarcinoma is known for its high rate of somatic mutations and genomic rearrangements, challenging identification of driver gene alterations because of a large burden of passenger events per tumor genome [Ding et al 2008;Govindan et al 2012;Imielinski et al 2012].…”

Section: Distribution Of Braf Aberrations In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BRAF mutations, for example, can be seen in 50% of melanoma cases, but only in 1-4% of NSCLC cases [Ali et al 2015;Brustugun et al 2014;Cardarella et al 2013;Ilie et al 2013;Kinno et al 2014;Litvak et al 2014;Luk et al 2015;Marchetti et al 2011;Paik et al 2011;Tissot et al 2016;Villaruz et al 2015]. In this review we will focus on BRAF alterations and the therapeutic approach for patients with NSCLC whose tumor harbors a genetic aberration in the BRAF gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic approach to treating patients with BRAF-mutant lung cancer: latest evidence and clinical implications

Langen

Smit

2016

Ther Adv Med Oncol

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Lung adenocarcinoma is known for its high rate of somatic mutations and genomic rearrangements. The identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements that sensitize tumors to specific drugs has changed the therapeutic approach and prognosis in these molecularly-defined subgroups. Several other key genetic alterations have been identified, of which BRAF mutations are found in 4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Targeted drugs against BRAF and downstream MEK were recently approved for the treatment of BRAF-positive melanoma and have entered clinical evaluation in NSCLC. In this review we discuss the latest evidence on the treatment of BRAF-mutated NSCLC, including tumor biology, targeted treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, therapeutic resistance and strategies to overcome resistance.

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BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer - A rare targetable driver mutation

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers and targeted therapy - two faces of the same coin fostered by nanotechnology

Non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers and targeted therapy - two faces of the same coin fostered by nanotechnology

Expanded molecular interrogation for potential actionable targets in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer

Therapeutic approach to treating patients with BRAF-mutant lung cancer: latest evidence and clinical implications

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