BPA, Parabens, and Phthalates in Relation to Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Case–Control Study Nested in the Multiethnic Cohort

Urinary Phthalate Concentrations and Mortality Risk: A Population-Based Study

“…In another US cohort, urinary DEHP levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk, while an inverse association was observed for MBzP levels. By contrast, DnBP exposure via prescription drugs was associated with increased breast cancer risk in a nationwide cohort from Denmark (Ahern et al, 2019), and there was a trend for an association between DnBP metabolites and increased endometrial cancer risk in a smaller prospective study from the US (Sarink et al, 2021). The evidence on phthalates and cancer outlined above may explain the findings of the present study to some degree, although the associations with MBzP and MnBP levels were similar for cancer and cardiovascular mortality.…”

Association between urinary phthalates and phthalate metabolites and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Details of the excluded studies through full-text reading are shown in Supplementary Table 1 . According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 records (11 studies) with 3101 cancer patients and 6858 controls were included in the study at last [ [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] ]. The flow diagram is shown in Fig.…”

“…As we all know, environmental phthalates and their metabolites are typical EDCs interacting with the estrogen receptor (ER), which raises concerns regarding their potential impact on cancer incidence [ 25 , 26 ]. A large number of studies have assessed whether urinary phthalates and their metabolites and risk of cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer and thyroid cancer, have correlation [ [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ]. However, the results were controversial.…”

Endocrine Disruptors and Endometrial Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Implications, a Systematic Review

“…The same applies to the study conducted on BPA, phthalates and triclosan, in which no correlations were found with the development of endometrial malignancy, although the concentrations studied were thought to have been underestimated [ 62 ].…”