Bottom-up controls on a mixed-species HAB assemblage: A comparison of sympatric Chattonella subsalsa and Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) isolates from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA

Zhang, Yaohong; Fu, Fei-Xue; Whereat, Edward B.; Coyne, Kathryn J.; Hutchins, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2005.09.001

Cited by 92 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, formation of H. akashiwo blooms has been also associated with freshwater runoff, usually followed by a reduction in salinity to values < 15 psu (Taylor and Haigh, 1993), and the stratification of the water column (Yamochi, 1989). During this study, blooms of H. akashiwo occurred within a salinity range of 1.6-14.4 psu, in agreement with the tolerance of this species to low salinities previously reported in the literature (Zhang et al 2006, Fredrickson et al 2011, Strom et al, 2013. In the studied period, the freshwater runoff from the rivers likely contributed to the decrease of salinity in the surface water of the Piraquê Chanel, resulting in a permanent halocline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Recurrent blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) in the Piraquê Channel, Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, southeast Brazil

et al. 2014

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Six blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) were observed from March 2007 through March 2008 in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, a semi-confined eutrophic system located in Rio de Janeiro state, southeast Brazil. Vegetative cells of H. akashiwo analysed by optical and electron microscopy showed morphology as described in the literature. The blooms (2.8 × 10 4 to 4 × 10 8 cell.L -1 ) were restricted to the middle section of the Piraquê Channel, which is situated in the northeastern part of the lagoon and receives freshwater inflow. The salinity of subsurface water and the channel depth showed significant negative correlations with H. akashiwo abundances, and appeared to restrict the blooms to this compartment of the lagoon. No fish mortality was associated with the H. akashiwo blooms, nor were brevetoxins detected in a cell extract obtained from the bloom observed on 19 March 2007.Keywords: morphology, taxonomy, blooms, urban coastal lagoon, Rio de Janeiro. ) foram restritas à zona intermédia do canal Piraquê, que se situa na parte nordeste da lagoa e recebe aporte de água doce. A salinidade da sub-superfície da água e a profundidade do canal apresentaram correlação negativa significativa com a abundância de H. akashiwo e parecem determinar a formação de florações restritas a este compartimento da lagoa. Não houve mortalidade de peixes durante as florações de H. akashiwo e não foi detectada a presença de brevetoxinas em um extrato celular obtido a partir da floração observada em 19 de março de 2007. Florações recorrentes de

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Recurrent blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) in the Piraquê Channel, Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, southeast Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…; no sign of photoinhibition was observed for either species even at the highest light intensity tested, > 600 µmol m −2 s −1 (Zhang et al 2006). These results support the suggestion that raphi dophycean flagellates generally can tolerate and even prefer very high light intensities (Kahn et al 1998).…”

Section: Solar Irradiancesupporting

confidence: 82%

Global change and the future of harmful algal blooms in the ocean

Fu¹,

Tatters²,

Hutchins³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

234

140

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The frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and phytoplankton community shifts toward toxic species have increased worldwide. Although most research has focused on eutrophication as the cause of this trend, many other global-and regional-scale anthropogenic influences may also play a role. Ocean acidification (high pCO 2 /low pH), greenhouse warming, shifts in nutrient availability, ratios, and speciation, changing exposure to solar irradiance, and altered salinity all have the potential to profoundly affect the growth and toxicity of these phytoplankton. Except for ocean acidification, the effects of these individual factors on harmful algae have been studied extensively. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the influence of each of these single factors on the physiological properties of important marine HAB groups. We then examine the much more limited literature on how rising CO 2 together with these other concurrent environmental changes may affect these organisms, including what is possibly the most critical property of many species: toxin production. New work with several diatom and dinoflagellate species suggests that ocean acidification combined with nutrient limitation or temperature changes may dramatically increase the toxicity of some harmful groups. This observation underscores the need for more in-depth consideration of poorly understood interactions between multiple global change variables on HAB physiology and ecology. A key limitation of global change experiments is that they typically span only a few algal generations, making it difficult to predict whether they reflect likely future decadal-or century-scale trends. We conclude by calling for thoughtfully designed experiments and observations that include adequate consideration of complex multivariate interactive effects on the long-term responses of HABs to a rapidly changing future marine environment.

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“…The optimal salinity for attachment of V. cholerae to macroalgae and seagrasses, for example, was found to be 1.0 to 1.5% NaCl (12), while others (59) found that changes in salinity had no effect on attachment of this species to chitin. Within DIB, salinity can vary widely and is affected by tidal cycles, evaporation, and rainfall (60). The average salinity was higher in 2010 with a lower range of salinity distributions than in other years during this study, and this may have contributed to the higher relative abundance of particle-associated Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Community-Level and Species-Specific Associations between Phytoplankton and Particle-Associated Vibrio Species in Delaware's Inland Bays

Main

Salvitti

Whereat

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio species are an abundant and diverse group of bacteria that form associations with phytoplankton. Correlations between Vibrio and phytoplankton abundance have been noted, suggesting that growth is enhanced during algal blooms or that association with phytoplankton provides a refuge from predation. Here, we investigated relationships between particle-associated Vibrio spp. and phytoplankton in Delaware's inland bays (DIB). The relative abundances of particle-associated Vibrio spp. and algal classes that form blooms in DIB (dinoflagellates, diatoms, and raphidophytes) were determined using quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated a significant correlation between particle-associated Vibrio abundance and phytoplankton, with higher correlations to diatoms and raphidophytes than to dinoflagellates. Species-specific associations were examined during a mixed bloom of Heterosigma akashiwo and Fibrocapsa japonica (Raphidophyceae) and indicated a significant positive correlation for particle-associated Vibrio abundance with H. akashiwo but a negative correlation with F. japonica. Changes in Vibrio assemblages during the bloom were evaluated using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), which revealed significant differences between each size fraction but no significant change in Vibrio assemblages over the course of the bloom. Microzooplankton grazing experiments showed that losses of particle-associated Vibrio spp. may be offset by increased growth in the Vibrio population. Moreover, analysis of Vibrio assemblages by ARISA also indicated an increase in the relative abundance for specific members of the Vibrio community despite higher grazing pressure on the particle-associated population as a whole. The results of this investigation demonstrate links between phytoplankton and Vibrio that may lead to predictions of potential health risks and inform future management practices in this region. Bacteria within the genus Vibrio are naturally abundant in marine and estuarine environments (1), where they exhibit two alternative growth strategies: (i) association with particles as a biofilm or (ii) as free-living bacterioplankton (2). Association with planktonic organisms plays an important role in the ecology of Vibrio (3) by providing an enriched microenvironment for Vibrio spp. (4-6). Previous research demonstrated that planktonic copepods, in particular, enhance the survival and distribution of Vibrio in temperate and tropical areas (7,8). Associations with plankton may also provide a refuge from grazing by bacterivorous protozoa (9, 10), which can be substantial in some areas (11). Matz et al. (9), for example, showed that the cell density of Vibrio cholerae within a biofilm remained stable in the presence of protozoa, whereas planktonic cells were rapidly eliminated. However, particle association may not always be advantageous, as it may subject the cells to sinking forces or losses through "collateral damage" when host cells are preyed upon (10).In addition to copepods, Vibrio spp. also form attach...

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Bottom-up controls on a mixed-species HAB assemblage: A comparison of sympatric Chattonella subsalsa and Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) isolates from the Delaware Inland Bays, USA

Cited by 92 publications

References 33 publications

Recurrent blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) in the Piraquê Channel, Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, southeast Brazil

Recurrent blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) in the Piraquê Channel, Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, southeast Brazil

Global change and the future of harmful algal blooms in the ocean

Community-Level and Species-Specific Associations between Phytoplankton and Particle-Associated Vibrio Species in Delaware's Inland Bays

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