Bottom-Up Assembly of Molecular Nanostructures by Means of Ferroelectric Lithography

Haußmann, Alexander; Gemeinhardt, André; Schröder, Mathias; Kämpfe, Thomas; Eng, Lukas M.

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03405

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This apparently contradictory behavior represents a limit for the application of PPLN for the directed assembling of NPs in photonic devices. , It is important to understand the dynamic behind this process to precisely design patterned pyroelectric crystals and to control all the forces involved in it. To identify the fundamental mechanism of QD positioning, we performed finite element method (FEM) simulations using a commercial software (COMSOL).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Complex and Reversible Pathways of CdSe Quantum Dots Driven by Pyroelectric-Dielectrophoresis

et al. 2018

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Electrophoresis (EP) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) are the two well-established methodologies to manipulate nanoparticles (NPs). Recently, DEP by a virtual electrode platform was demonstrated on ferroelectric substrates, where the driving force is due to the strong electric field generated by the pyroelectric effect, thus opening new scenarios for manipulating the matter. Such an innovative approach named pyroelectric-DEP has several advantages over traditional EP and DEP. However, a detailed study on this novel approach is required for understanding the complex pathways traced by NPs under the action of the pyroelectric-driven forces and thus for explaining the final patterns. Here, we investigate experimentally the dynamic behavior of CdSe NPs through time-lapse fluorescence microscopy imaging. Complete visualization and measurement of the directed-assembling process of NPs immersed in polydimethylsiloxane fluid is reported, which shows some unpredicted results with respect to the previous works, thus opening the route for designing in principle a reversible and switchable device allowing two different and reversible final NP-patterned states. The observed phenomena are fully analyzed by experimental and simulated analysis, and the movements of NPs is performed to elucidate in depth the involved processes. The investigation furnishes an interesting result that the complex behavior of the NPs can be fully comprehended and explained by considering the superposition of both EP and DEP forces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Complex and Reversible Pathways of CdSe Quantum Dots Driven by Pyroelectric-Dielectrophoresis

et al. 2018

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“…Details on how to prepare and analyze such a single, highly conductive DW can be found in refs. . In brief, the Godau work provided a reliable protocol of how to increase the tilt angles α in sc‐LNO samples; applying a moderate electrical field of ≈60% of the coercive field across the 200 µm thick sample tunes a DW with a diameter in the range of 50 µm to larger bending angles with respect to the sample c ‐axis, hence increasing the DWC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DWs thus are very promising candidates for both the bottom-up assembly of functional nanoelectronic broad variety of different electronic transport scenarios, such as topological Kondo-Insulators, [21] manganite thin films upon Mott phase transitions, [22] as well as the currents flowing in disordered semiconductors, [23] in composite materials, [24] or in low-dimensional nanostructures [25] like graphene [26] or singlestranded DNA molecules. [17,28,29]. Details on how to prepare and analyze such a single, highly conductive DW can be found in refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistor Network Modeling of Conductive Domain Walls in Lithium Niobate

Wolba

Seidel

Cazorla

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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devices, [10] and the fundamental inspection by theory and experiment.While ferroelectrics constitute wideband gap semiconductors with good insulating properties, their DWs may possess a significantly increased electrical conductivity, as is of central focus in the work here. This so-called domain wall conductivity (DWC) has been reported first for multiferroic bismuth ferrite [11] and lead-zirconate-titanate [12] thin films, followed by research on (improper) erbium manganite [13] and barium titanate [14] bulk ferroelectric crystals. DWC in lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 :LNO) so far was reported to happen under photoexcitation only. [15,16] However, recent experiments by Godau et al. [17] on LNO single crystals (sc) have shown that reshaping the DW to larger inclination angles by applying a dedicated electrical tuning protocol enhances DWC by 3-4 orders of magnitude, and gives rise to DW currents in the upper µA range at room temperature and in the dark.Theoretical approaches applied to explain the increased DWC in these materials include phenomenological Landau [18] and Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory, [19] and more recently also the combination of quantum mechanics with phenomenological Landau theory. [20] All these microscopic theories aim at predicting and quantifying the relevant local-scale domain wall parameters, i.e., the DW formation energy, the free charge distribution, and the DW conductivity. Nevertheless, it is difficult to compare the outcomes of such microscopic theories directly to experimental data, as the latter generally is based on macroscopic quantities. In contrast, our resistor network (RN) approach provides a clue link to experiments, in spite of being nonpredictive (i.e., as it requires some initial experimental input). Hence, our results can be directly compared to the local currents flowing within the DW as measured for instance by conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM). The simple picture of a RN thus elegantly complements the microscopic theories of DWC. MethodsFor the modeling a 2D network of linear, Ohmic resistors (see Figure 1a) was used, that was carefully crafted on the basis of the DW's inclination angle distribution. Resistor networks (RN) have already been applied impressively for modeling a Here the concept of a 2D resistor network (2D RN) is applied in order to model the electrical conductivity along sheet-like domain walls (DWs) in single crystalline lithium niobate (sc-LNO). The only input to the RN modeling approach is the DW inclination angle distribution, as measured previously with respect to the polar c-axis. The simulations then show that a 2D network of Ohmic resistors not only adequately accounts for the different boundary conditions envisaged in experiments, but equally well provides a direct link between the local domain wall conductivity (DWC) and the DW inclination angle α. Moreover, the RN simulations can be directly compared to local-scale transport measurements, as obtained by scanning probe techniques. The conceptual simplicity and the low computational e...

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“…In this sense, Zhang et al reported that d-cysteine strongly accumulates at (+) domains on the surface of PPLN, 105 and Hauβmann et al describe the nanoscale photodeposition of two organic fluorophores (rhodamine 6G and Alexa fluor 647) over polarized domains of LN. 106 And, in a more biologically-oriented paper, another group recently published that positively-charged tertiary amines functionalizing polyethylene surfaces enhanced osteogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as compared with non-functionalized surfaces. 107 The important positive surface charge imposed by the amines induced a robust upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the attached cells, which drove downstream transcription of osteogenic genes like alkaline phosphatase, Runx-2, OCN and BSP.…”

Section: Molecular Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological applications of ferroelectric materials

Blázquez‐Castro

Garcı́a-Cabañes

Carrascosa

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

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The study and applications of ferroelectric materials in the biomedical and biotechnological fields is a novel and very promising scientific area that spans roughly one decade. However, some groups have already provided experimental proof of very interesting biological modulation when living systems are exposed to different ferroelectrics and excitation mechanisms. These materials should offer several advantages in the field of bioelectricity, such as no need of an external electric power source or circuits, scalable size of the electroactive regions, flexible and reconfigurable "virtual electrodes", or fully proved biocompatibility. In this focused review we provide the underlying physics of ferroelectric activity and a recount of the research reports already published, along with some tentative biophysical mechanisms that can explain the observed results. More specifically, we focused on the biological actions of domain ferroelectrics, and ferroelectrics excited by the bulk photovoltaic effect or the pyroelectric effect. It is our goal to provide a comprehensive account of the published material so far, and to set the stage for a vigorous expansion of the field, with envisioned applications that span from cell biology and signaling to cell and tissue regeneration, antitumoral action, or cell bioengineering to name a few.

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Bottom-Up Assembly of Molecular Nanostructures by Means of Ferroelectric Lithography

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

On the Complex and Reversible Pathways of CdSe Quantum Dots Driven by Pyroelectric-Dielectrophoresis

On the Complex and Reversible Pathways of CdSe Quantum Dots Driven by Pyroelectric-Dielectrophoresis

Resistor Network Modeling of Conductive Domain Walls in Lithium Niobate

Biological applications of ferroelectric materials

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