Bottom currents at the entrance to False Bay, South Africa

Simulating the Coastal Ocean Circulation Near the Cape Peninsula Using a Coupled Numerical Model

“…The Bay is generally thermally stratified in summer, with a well-developed thermocline and relatively higher vertical temperature variability. It is generally well-mixed and uniformly colder in winter [8,18,34,35]. SSTs during the simulation period for this study (August-October) could be expected to range between 14.5 and 17 • C [34].…”

“…[22]. The circulation within the Bay under these conditions is partially set up by west-north-westerly flow south of the Bay splitting at Cape Point, with the northerly arm then establishing equatorward flow along the western shores [8,18,33]. The frequency of south-easterly winds results in this clockwise regime dominating [33,35].…”

“…The third and fourth patterns arise from tidal forcing during outgoing and incoming tides respectively. They are permitted to develop in the absence of strong wind forcing [8,33], with fairly uniform northward flow during incoming tides, southward flow during outgoing tides, and bathymetric steering in shallow regions. Ref.…”

“…Owing to the importance of the study domain, rising stress due to increased coastal activity (e.g., [8,[37][38][39]) and climate change, demand for routine measurements and forecasts of coastal ocean currents and other marine parameters is increasing [40,41]. This stems from the need to support various applications including, but not limited to, coastal management (encompassing recreation, fisheries, aquaculture, water quality, sewage spills/outfall, flooding, beach erosion and harmful algal bloom management), maritime navigation safety and efficiency, search and rescue and support to biogeophysical/biogeochemical [5,[40][41][42][43].…”

“…[33]. Wind forcing (responsible for the first two patterns described below) is clearly dominant in False Bay with tidal and inertial currents being of secondary importance, particularly during times of weak winds [8,21,[33][34][35].…”

Simulating the Coastal Ocean Circulation Near the Cape Peninsula Using a Coupled Numerical Model

“…The Bay is generally thermally stratified in summer, with a well-developed thermocline and relatively higher vertical temperature variability. It is generally well-mixed and uniformly colder in winter [8,18,34,35]. SSTs during the simulation period for this study (August-October) could be expected to range between 14.5 and 17 • C [34].…”

“…[22]. The circulation within the Bay under these conditions is partially set up by west-north-westerly flow south of the Bay splitting at Cape Point, with the northerly arm then establishing equatorward flow along the western shores [8,18,33]. The frequency of south-easterly winds results in this clockwise regime dominating [33,35].…”

“…The third and fourth patterns arise from tidal forcing during outgoing and incoming tides respectively. They are permitted to develop in the absence of strong wind forcing [8,33], with fairly uniform northward flow during incoming tides, southward flow during outgoing tides, and bathymetric steering in shallow regions. Ref.…”

“…Owing to the importance of the study domain, rising stress due to increased coastal activity (e.g., [8,[37][38][39]) and climate change, demand for routine measurements and forecasts of coastal ocean currents and other marine parameters is increasing [40,41]. This stems from the need to support various applications including, but not limited to, coastal management (encompassing recreation, fisheries, aquaculture, water quality, sewage spills/outfall, flooding, beach erosion and harmful algal bloom management), maritime navigation safety and efficiency, search and rescue and support to biogeophysical/biogeochemical [5,[40][41][42][43].…”

“…[33]. Wind forcing (responsible for the first two patterns described below) is clearly dominant in False Bay with tidal and inertial currents being of secondary importance, particularly during times of weak winds [8,21,[33][34][35].…”

Simulating the Coastal Ocean Circulation Near the Cape Peninsula Using a Coupled Numerical Model

“…The Bay is generally thermally stratified in summer, with a well-developed thermocline and relatively higher vertical temperature variability. It is generally well-mixed and uniformly colder in winter [8,18,34,35]. SSTs during the simulation period for this study (August-October) could be expected to range between 14.5 and 17 • C [34].…”

“…[22]. The circulation within the Bay under these conditions is partially set up by west-north-westerly flow south of the Bay splitting at Cape Point, with the northerly arm then establishing equatorward flow along the western shores [8,18,33]. The frequency of south-easterly winds results in this clockwise regime dominating [33,35].…”

“…The third and fourth patterns arise from tidal forcing during outgoing and incoming tides respectively. They are permitted to develop in the absence of strong wind forcing [8,33], with fairly uniform northward flow during incoming tides, southward flow during outgoing tides, and bathymetric steering in shallow regions. Ref.…”

“…Owing to the importance of the study domain, rising stress due to increased coastal activity (e.g., [8,[37][38][39]) and climate change, demand for routine measurements and forecasts of coastal ocean currents and other marine parameters is increasing [40,41]. This stems from the need to support various applications including, but not limited to, coastal management (encompassing recreation, fisheries, aquaculture, water quality, sewage spills/outfall, flooding, beach erosion and harmful algal bloom management), maritime navigation safety and efficiency, search and rescue and support to biogeophysical/biogeochemical [5,[40][41][42][43].…”

“…[33]. Wind forcing (responsible for the first two patterns described below) is clearly dominant in False Bay with tidal and inertial currents being of secondary importance, particularly during times of weak winds [8,21,[33][34][35].…”

Simulating the Coastal Ocean Circulation Near the Cape Peninsula Using a Coupled Numerical Model

“…The Bay is generally thermally stratified in summer, with a well-developed thermocline and relatively higher vertical temperature variability. It is generally well-mixed and uniformly colder in winter [8,18,34,35]. SSTs during the simulation period for this study (August-October) could be expected to range between 14.5 and 17 • C [34].…”

“…[22]. The circulation within the Bay under these conditions is partially set up by west-north-westerly flow south of the Bay splitting at Cape Point, with the northerly arm then establishing equatorward flow along the western shores [8,18,33]. The frequency of south-easterly winds results in this clockwise regime dominating [33,35].…”

“…The third and fourth patterns arise from tidal forcing during outgoing and incoming tides respectively. They are permitted to develop in the absence of strong wind forcing [8,33], with fairly uniform northward flow during incoming tides, southward flow during outgoing tides, and bathymetric steering in shallow regions. Ref.…”

“…Owing to the importance of the study domain, rising stress due to increased coastal activity (e.g., [8,[37][38][39]) and climate change, demand for routine measurements and forecasts of coastal ocean currents and other marine parameters is increasing [40,41]. This stems from the need to support various applications including, but not limited to, coastal management (encompassing recreation, fisheries, aquaculture, water quality, sewage spills/outfall, flooding, beach erosion and harmful algal bloom management), maritime navigation safety and efficiency, search and rescue and support to biogeophysical/biogeochemical [5,[40][41][42][43].…”

“…[33]. Wind forcing (responsible for the first two patterns described below) is clearly dominant in False Bay with tidal and inertial currents being of secondary importance, particularly during times of weak winds [8,21,[33][34][35].…”