Bone Marrow Combined With Dental Bud Cells Promotes Tooth Regeneration in Miniature Pig Model

Abstract

Growth factors and morphogens secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of bone marrow fluid may promote tooth regeneration. Accordingly, a tissue engineering approach was utilized to develop an economical strategy for obtaining the growth factors and morphogens from BMSCs. Unerupted second molar tooth buds harvested from miniature pigs were cultured in vitro to obtain dental bud cells (DBCs). Bone marrow fluid, which contains BMSCs, was collected from the porcine mandible before operation. DBCs suspended in bone marrow fluid were seeded into a gelatin/chondoitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan tri-copolymer scaffold (GCHT scaffold). The DBCs/bone marrow fluid/GCHT scaffold was autografted into the original alveolar sockets of the pigs. Radiographic and histological examinations were applied to identify the structure of regenerated tooth at 40 weeks postimplantation. The present results showed that one pig developed a complete tooth with crown, root, pulp, enamel, dentin, odontoblast, cementum, blood vessel, and periodontal ligament in indiscriminate shape. Three animals had an unerupted tooth that expressed dentin matrix protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and osteopontin; and two other pigs also had dental-like structure with dentin tubules. This study reveals that DBCs adding bone marrow fluid and a suitable scaffold can promote the tooth regeneration in autogenic cell transplantation.

Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering In Dentistry

“…At the beginning the technique consisted in inserting cells from swine dental germs in a scaffold then implanted into rats and it gave encouraging results (in about 15% of cases), but with training of dental structures smaller than normal teeth [183,184]. Then, there have been remarkable results using autotransplantation in the swine, getting tooth regeneration using dental bud cells alone or combined with bone marrow fluid in gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronan tri-copolymer scaffold [185,186]. More recently, with the introduction of nanotechniques nanofibrous scaffolds based on PLLA/MWNTs/HA [187], PLLA/HA [188] or PCL/gelatin with or without HA [189] all obtained by electrospinning were used and the results were better though not decisive.…”

Fibrin glue mixed with platelet-rich fibrin as a scaffold seeded with dental bud cells for tooth regeneration

“…Despite an irregular shape, this study assumed that the regenerated tooth could be functional, since a complete tooth with crown, root, pulp, enamel, dentin, odontoblast, cementum, blood vessels, and periodontal ligaments was observed. The indiscriminate shape could be attributed to the growth stage of tooth tissues harvested tooth tissues (Jernvall J et al ., ; Kuo et al ., ; Peters H et al ., ). Honda et al .…”

Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for skeletal disorders

“…Both OPN and VEGF are expressed in the developing teeth [76]. Dental pulp cells may differentiate into osteogenic or odontogenic cells after tooth injury, such as crown fracture, because their expression of VEGF and OPN, along with osteocalcin and HSP27, is increased [77].…”