Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay

Abstract

Autologous bone grafts are widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics, and traumatology. Autologous bone grafts not only replace missing bone, they also support the complex process of bone regeneration. This favorable behavior of autografts is attributed to the three characteristics: osteoconductivity, osteogenicity, and osteoinductivity. However, there is another aspect: Bone grafts release a myriad of molecules, including growth factors, which can target mesenchymal cells involved in bone regeneration. The paracrine properties of bone grafts can be studied in vitro by the use of bone-conditioned medium (BCM). Here we present a protocol on how to prepare bone-conditioned medium from native pig cortical bone, and bone that underwent thermal processing or demineralization. Cells can be directly exposed to BCM or seeded onto biomaterials, such as collagen membranes, previously soaked with BCM. We give examples for in vitro bioassays with mesenchymal cells on the expression of TGF-β regulated genes. The presented protocols should encourage to further reveal the paracrine effects of bone grafts during bone regeneration and open a path for translational research in the broad field of reconstructive surgery. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

Main considerations on the use of biomembranes in implantology: A review

“…Absorbents do not require a second surgical time [33,34]. However, there are information gaps, and further research is needed to ensure a perfect knowledge of the physical barrier properties to achieve a perfect bone regeneration of the periodontal bone defects and around implants [34][35][36].…”

“…Moreover, gingival conditioning allows the adjacent soft tissues to be directed during the osseointegration phase, thus avoiding gingival targeting maneuvers for esthetics [33]. The use of biomaterials in dentistry occurs on an increasingly wide scale.…”

“…When it is not possible to install immediate implants, after exodontia, the alveolar process, depending on the thickness of the buccal bone board at the end of the bone remodeling process, may present depression on the vestibular surface, which would imply the need for block autogenous graft [33]. In a study carried out in 1967, it was observed that in the anterior maxilla there is loss of 25 % of bone volume in the first year after exodontia.…”

Main Predictors on the Use of Biomaterials in Implant Dentistry: A Review.

“…The concern of the implantant after the extraction, is the bone loss in volume of the alveolus [31][32][33]. When it is not possible to install immediate implants, after exodontia, the alveolar process, depending on the thickness of the buccal bone board at the end of the bone remodeling process, may present depression on the vestibular surface, which would imply the need for block autogenous graft [33].…”

“…Biomaterials are used to improve the contour of the collar, consequently the harmony of the prosthesis [31][32][33].…”