Bokashi, Boiled Manure and Penergetic Applications Increased Agronomic Production Variables and May Enhance Powdery Mildew Severity of Organic Tomato Plants

Abstract

Research on organic fertilizers are of crucial importance for sustainable production systems with high efficiency of natural resource use. The objective of this study was to evaluate organic sources of fertilization (boiled manure (BM), effective microorganism (EM) Bokashi, and Penergetic) for their effects on agronomic variables (fruit size and yield, total soluble solids) and on foliar powdery mildew severity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The crops were grown during two cropping cycles in protected cultivation. The treatments were: Control (water only); 50 g per plant of EM Bokashi compost in two applications; Penergetic at 1.5 g L−1 applied to the substrate before planting or sprayed on the plants 14 days after transplanting; and BM at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% concentrations (vol/vol) in water, via fertigation. Fruit production and quality were assessed. The effects of treatments on powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica Lév. G. Arnaud) were analyzed by using a diagrammatic scale. Bokashi, 10% BM, and Penergetic increased fruit production of the first three fruit trusses. Bokashi treatment increased tomato fruit diameter. The effects on fruit length and total soluble solids varied with each crop cycle. Powdery mildew severity increased with 10% BM, compared to the control. Both 10% BM and Penergetic presented similar fruit production to Bokashi and are good candidates as substitutes for Bokashi as organic fertilizers/amendments while maintaining tomato yield.

Role of Organic Manure Bokashi Improving Plant Growth and Nutrition: A Review

“…Bokashi soil amendment significantly reduced the powdery mildew severity compared to unamended soil for the first growing cycle (Hata et al, 2021). In contrast, Bokashi significantly enhanced the incidence of damping-off in cucumber and powdery mildew in the second growing cycle (Shin et al, 2017;Hata et al, 2021). However, the studies on the response of Bokashi to the plant defence system are limited and have a blur effect on the plant.…”

“…Bokashi triggered the lettuce development, which improved total mass, commercial (after eliminating the damaged leaves), and commercial head diameter for two cycles (Hata et al, 2020). Bokashi and 10% boiled manure showed a significant increase of the first three trusses of one plant in tomato fruiting for two growing cycles (Hata et al, 2021). Amendment of Bokashi enhanced plant height of marmelo-do-cerrado (Alibertia edulis) (Santos et al, 2020), maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max) (Batubara, 2015), onion (Allium cepa L.), jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (Álvarez-Solís et al, 2016).…”

“…The application of Bokashi improved crop yields such as coffee (Gómez-Velasco et al, 2014), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (Hata et al, 2020), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) (Karimuna et al, 2016), and tomato (Hata et al, 2021). The bulb yield of shallot improved 145 % from 4.79 t ha -1 (Lasmini et al, 2018).…”

“…The application of Bokashi had significantly enhanced nutrient and water uptake by plants (Domenico and Prisa, 2020). In tomatoes, plant-based bokashi increased the fruit diameter (Hata et al, 2021); seed soaking with Bokashi tea improved (13 %) transplants' stem diameter which allows plant nutrients uptake (Olle, 2020). Mandarin fruit weight and diameter have increased the application of Bokashi (Abed El-Hamied, 2014).…”

Assessment of Fertilizer Quality in Horse Waste-Based Bokashi Fertilizer Formulations

“…The prepared mixture was then transferred to a double-bagged sack with a perforated PVC pipe inserted vertically in the center to provide the aeration required during the first few days of bokashi processing. This was kept tightly sealed and in the shade [32] for four days before opening. After four days, it was opened and we allowed the process to continue under aerobic conditions for seven days (time 1) and 30 days (time 2).…”