Body fat anthropometric indexes: Which of those identify better high cardiovascular risk subjects? A comparative study in Spanish population

Abstract

Aim To determine the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtr) and Body Shape Index (ABSI) with high cardiovascular risk (CVR), as well as to determine whether how strong are these relationships. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Spanish Caucasian adults. 3,456 subjects completed the study, 45.78% males, aged < 65 years and non-diabetic subjects. Anthropometric/biochemical variables were measured. We determined ABSI based on WC adjusted for height and weight. High CVR was defined as ≥ 20% according to the Framingham chart, ≥ 5% with the SCORE chart, and ≥ 7.5% with the ACC/AHA guide. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were estimated for each anthropometric measure. Results Most significant AUCs in males were: WHtr and ABSI for Framingham ≥ 20% and SCORE ≥ 5%. Also significant were WHtr, WC and ABSI for ACCA/AHA ≥ 7.5%. On the other hand, most significant AUCs in females were: WHtr and WC for Framingham ≥ 20%; and WHtr and WHR for SCORE ≥ 5%, WHtr, and WC for ACC/AHA guide ≥ 7.5%. Conclusions Overall, the best anthropometric index identifying Spanish males and females who are at high risk for CV events is WHtr. ABSI was also found to be a good anthropometric index to predict high CVR in Spanish males according to FR, SCORE and ACC/AHA charts. For Spanish females, WC is a good anthropometric index according to FR and ACC/AHA guide, while WHR is better according to SCORE.

The Usefulness of Anthropometric Indices to Identify the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

“…Ashwell et al [24], on the basis of a meta-analysis of studies conducted in different ethnic groups, confirmed that, both in males and in females, WHtR was a better screening tool than BMI and WC for adult cardiometabolic risk factors. Similar results were obtained in subsequent studies, which compared various anthropometric indices, including newly devised ones [25,26,27]. Cut-off points for WHtR in the subject population equaled 0.56 for men and 0.54 for women.…”

Anthropometric indices and cut-off points in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders

“…Similar to the results of our analysis in men, Davila-Batista et al concluded that the CUN-BAE was the best index for the identification of individuals with hypertension, diabetes, and MetS [35]. Corbatón Anchuelo et al emphasize the advantages of using the WC and WHtR in the identification of cardiometabolic disorders in women [16]. In the Chinese population, the best predictors of cardiometabolic disorders in men and women were the BRI and WHtR [36].…”

“…The early identification of metabolic disorders allows for an early intervention and the prevention of serious consequences. Overweight and obesity indices, calculated based on anthropometric measurements, have found a wide application in the identification of metabolic disorders [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The most significant advantages of anthropometric indices include the following: non-invasiveness, low cost, standardized techniques and simplicity of measurements, and the possibility to apply them on a large scale.…”

Uso Da Teoria De Virginia Henderson Associada À Cipe No Cuidado a Idoso Com Erisipela: Relato De Caso De Enfermagem

“…Visceral fat was a strong point to the risk in alterations to the arterial pressure with p≤0,030 to men and p≤0,004 to women, given that it can provoke the release of pro inflammatory cytokines as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and adipokines that are able to reduce the NO levels in the vascular system and provoke reactivity, heightening its constriction (ANCHUELO, MARTÍNEZ-LARRAD, et al, 2019, UCHASOVA, GRUZDEVA, et al, 2018. It is, also, a well referred factor to cardiovascular sickening and arterial hypertension in the scientific literature (BYAMBASUKH, EISENGA, et al, 2019, DAVID, GUIMARÃES, et al, 2019, PICHÉ, POIRIER, et al, 2018, RAPHAEL DAVID, LEMOS SILVA, et al, 2018.…”