Body distribution of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in mice and effects of scorpion antivenom

Revelo, Mônica P.; Bambirra, Eduardo Alves; Ferreira, Ana Paula; Diniz, Carlos R.; Chávez-Olórtegui, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(96)00074-8

Cited by 74 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The route of administration had a major influence on the time for maximum plasma radioactivity. The T max was longer than those reported for venoms such as Andercotonus australis hector (21), Tityus serrulatus (18), Centruroides limpidus limpidus (19), Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus (20) and shorter lower than those reported by Ismail and AbdElsalam in 1988 (12). The underlying reason for such discrepancies in the results may be due to the route of administration and pharmacokinetics of scorpion venom and animal model used, or due to differences in the quantifying methods used (radioactivity versus ELISA).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…The volume of distribution of this venom was 15 mL, which was different from previous studies. The apparent volume of distribution of other studied venoms is different (11,13,(18)(19)(20)(21). After tracer administration (labeled venom with iodine) the pattern of plasma radioactivity is different under the same conditions to yield a maximum peak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats

Seyedian¹,

Jalali²,

Babaee³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biodistribution profile of the venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus, the most dangerous scorpion in Iran. Blood and tissue samples were taken at various predetermined intervals during a 400-minute period for the venom and a 360-minute period for the antivenom in rats. The radio-iodination was carried out using the chloramine-T method. The results showed that the descending order of venom uptake was skin, kidneys and intestine, respectively. The descending order of polyclonal antivenom uptake was kidneys, intestine, heart and lungs. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters of the venom were T elimination half-life = 521.5 ± 12.6 minutes; Vd/F (apparent volume of distribution) = 14.9 ± 3.3 mL; clearance (CL/F, apparent total clearance of the drug from plasma) 0.02 ± 0.005 mL/minute and for the antivenom T elimination half-life = 113.7 ± 7.4 minutes; Vd/F = 13 ± 1.2 mL and CL/F 0.08 ± 0.01 mL/minute. The pharmacokinetics profile comparison of the venom with that of the antivenom shows that serotherapy may be more effective if administered within 2-4 hours following envenomation by H. lepturus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats

Seyedian¹,

Jalali²,

Babaee³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…El veneno es de rápida absorción, acorde con los hallazgos de otros estudios (33)(34)(35)(36), puesto que desde los primeros 15 a 30 minutos se observaron signos de envenenamiento tales como sialorrea, disnea y excitabilidad. El envenenamiento producido luego de la inyección del veneno por vía intraperitoneal fue mucho más rápido e intenso que por vía subcutánea y, además, se presentó hiperhidrosis, lagrimación y muerte; esta última ocurrió en 1-3 horas con 1 DL 50 por vía intraperitoneal.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Aspectos toxinológicos e inmunoquímicos del veneno del escorpión Tityus pachyurus Pocock de Colombia: capacidad neutralizante de antivenenos producidos en Latinoamérica.

Barona¹,

Otero²,

Núñez³

2004

biomedica

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Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la toxicidad y las características inmunoquímicas del veneno del escorpión Tityus pachyurus y su neutralización por tres antivenenos antiescorpión producidos en Latinoamérica: Alacramyn ® del Instituto Bioclón de México; el suero antiescorpiónico del Instituto Butantán de São Paulo, Brasil, y el suero antiescorpiónico del Centro de Biotecnología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. Este escorpión produjo 0,68±0,20 mg (promedio ± DE) de veneno por estimulación manual, el cual presentó una dosis letal 50% (DL 50 ) en ratones de 4,8 µg/kg (91,3 µg/ratón de 18-20 g). Los signos de envenenamiento predominantes en los ratones fueron: sialorrea, dificultad respiratoria, sudoración generalizada, ataxia, alteraciones del comportamiento (excitabilidad, somnolencia) e hiperglicemia 3 y 24 horas después de la inyección 0,5 DL 50 del veneno por vía subcutánea. Para los antivenenos de México y Brasil, la dosis efectiva 50% neutralizante del efecto letal fue de 330 y 292 µg de veneno por ml de antiveneno, respectivamente. El antiveneno de Venezuela no neutralizó este efecto. Por electroforesis (SDS-PAGE) se demostró que el veneno contiene proteínas desde menos de 14 kd hasta 97 kd. Los Western blot indicaron reactividad inmunológica de los tres antivenenos con los diversos componentes del veneno, incluso las proteínas de baja masa molecular (<14 kd). Los resultados permiten concluir que el veneno de T. pachyurus es neutralizado eficientemente por los antivenenos contra picaduras de escorpiones producidos en México y Brasil.Palabras clave: escorpión, veneno, antiveneno, Tityus pachyurus, Colombia. Toxicological and immunological aspects of scorpion venom (Tytius pachyurus): neutralizing capacity of antivenoms produced in Latin AmericaThe toxicity and immunochemical properties of Tityus pachyurus Pocock scorpion venom was characterized, as well as the neutralization capacity against it by three anti-scorpion antivenoms (Alacramyn ® , Instituto Bioclón, México; Suero antiescorpiónico, Instituto Butantán, Sao Paulo, Brasil; and Suero antiescorpiónico, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela). The venom yield, obtained by manual milking, 680±20 µg venom, a 50% lethal dose in mice was 4.8 µg/kg (90 µg for an 18-20 g mouse). The most common symptoms of venom poisoning in mice were sialorrhea, respiratory distress, profuse sweating, ataxia, behavior alterations (restlessness, somnolence) and hyperglycemia at 3 and 24 hours after subcutaneous venom injection (0.5 LD 50 ). The neutralizing capacity of Bioclón (México City) and Butantán (Sao Paulo) antivenoms (for a 50% effective dose) was 330 and 292 µg venom/ml antivenom, respectively. The Biotecnología (Caracas) antivenom did not neutralize the lethal effect of venom. By electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was demonstrated that the venom contains proteins from less than 14 kd to 97 kd. The Western blots indicated immunological reactivity of the three antivenoms with most of venom ...

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“…3 Similar results were reported in mice by Revelo and others. 33 These investigators showed that serotherapy is particularly effective when antivenom is administered immediately after venom injection, and that the serotherapy is less effective when administered hours after envenomation. However, antivenom must be administered despite the long delay between the sting and administration of serotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Ghalim

El-Hafny²,

Sebti³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

111

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Abstract.A clinical and biologic study was conducted in Morocco to assess the efficiency of antivenom therapy for treating victims of scorpion stings. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from 275 patients envenomed by Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus scorpions. Patients received antivenom or other drugs. Blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission and 1 hr and 3 hr after treatment. Serum venom levels were quantified by using an ELISA. An association was found between clinical signs of envenoming and the level of venom in serum. Patients classified as grade II (moderate envenoming) had higher serum levels of venom level than patients classified as grade I (mild envenoming). At admission to the hospital, the mean venom concentration was not significantly different between the group not treated with antivenom, the group who received 2-5 ml of antivenom, and the group who received 10 ml of antivenom. A significant decrease in serum venom levels and an improvement in the clinical conditions were observed in patients administered 10 ml of antivenom. The lower decrease in serum venom levels in patients who received 2-5 ml of antivenom was due to lower doses of antivenom. No difference in the venom concentration was observed in patients who were not treated with antivenom. The absence of administration of antivenom increased the risk of developing clinical signs at the end of the hospitalization period. However, this risk was much higher when more than 1 hr elapsed between the time of the scorpion sting and the time of hospital admission. The results demonstrate that antivenom is effective in decreasing circulating venom and morbidity. Serotherapy is more efficient when given as soon as possible after envenomation and with adequate quantities of antivenom.In north Africa, as in numerous tropical countries, envenomation by scorpion stings is a major public health problem, particularly in children. [1][2][3][4] The black scorpion (Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus) and the yellow scorpion (Buthus occitanus) are the most dangerous scorpions and are responsible for the majority of stings in Morocco. The epidemiologic data are incomplete, but the number of scorpion stings is estimated to be 40,000 per year in Morocco.Scorpion venoms are a complex biochemical mixture containing numerous neurotoxic polypeptides. 5,6 These polypeptides enhance excitability of nerve and muscle cells in scorpion sting victims and also cause death, particularly in children. 7 The onset of clinical symptoms is rapid (within 5-30 min) following the sting. 8,9 Respiratory failure and cardiovascular manifestations are the usual causes of death. 9-11 The toxicity of A. mauretanicus mauretanicus venom is due to the presence of neurotoxins that are specifically active on sodium and potassium channels. 6,12 The severity of scorpion envenoming and the rapid diffusion of inoculated venom require that appropriate treatment be started as soon as possible after the sting. Most investigators consider a...

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Body distribution of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in mice and effects of scorpion antivenom

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats

A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats

Aspectos toxinológicos e inmunoquímicos del veneno del escorpión Tityus pachyurus Pocock de Colombia: capacidad neutralizante de antivenenos producidos en Latinoamérica.

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

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