Body composition, volumetric and areal bone parameters in male-to-female transsexual persons

Lapauw, Bruno; Taes, Youri; Simoens, Steven; Caenegem, Eva Van; Weyers, Steven; Goemaere, Stefan; Toye, Kaatje; Kaufman, Jean‐Marc; T’Sjoen, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.09.001

Cited by 108 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[40][41][42][43] There is an initial increase in bone mineral density (BMD) on commencing treatment which settles to baseline values by one year in one report. 42 One group, however, has shown a decrease in trabecular bone area and mineral content in transwomen 44 ; this was associated with a lower amount of exercise performance in this group. It is of note that the bone mass is inversely proportional to gonadotropin concentration suggesting that under-treatment with sex steroids (as suggested by high gonadotropin concentrations) may explain the differences in the findings of this study compared with other published reports.…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 83%

A review of the physical and metabolic effects of cross-sex hormonal therapy in the treatment of gender dysphoria

Seal

2015

Ann Clin Biochem

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This review focuses on the effect that cross-gender sex steroid therapy has on metabolic and hormonal parameters. There is an emphasis on those changes that result in significant clinical effects such as the positive effects of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and negative effects such as haemostatic effects and thromboembolism in transwomen or dyslipidaemia in transmen. There is also a description of the current hormonal regimens used at the largest UK gender identity clinic. The overall safety of these treatments in the context of long-term outcome data is reviewed.

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Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 83%

A review of the physical and metabolic effects of cross-sex hormonal therapy in the treatment of gender dysphoria

Seal

2015

Ann Clin Biochem

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“…Lapauw et al [15] reported a cross-sectional study of body composition, volumetric, and areal bone parameters on 23 male-to-female transsexual persons at least 3 years after SRS compared with 46 healthy age-matched and heightmatched control men. The authors found that male-tofemale transsexual persons have less lean mass and muscle strength and higher fat mass.…”

Section: Clinical Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genitoplasty in male-to-female transsexuals

Perović

Djinovic²

2009

Current Opinion in Urology

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“…In both MtoF as well as FtoM, levels of bone turnover markers are elevated in the early treatment phase. In MtoF under cross-sex hormone administration, most studies report maintained or even increased bone mass in the short term Reutrakul et al, 1998;Schlatterer et al, 1998;Dittrich et al, 2005;Mueller et al, 2005;Ruetsche et al, 2005), whereas somewhat lower bone mass and cortical bone size than in male controls were observed in longer-term studies (Lapauw et al, 2008;T'Sjoen et al, 2009). However, lower bone mass and cortical size have been reported in MtoF even before initiation of cross-sex hormone administration, suggestive for hormone-independent differences in bone characteristics in these people Haraldsen et al, 2007;Van Caenegem et al, 2013).…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 78%

(Patho)physiology of cross-sex hormone administration to transsexual people: the potential impact of male-female genetic differences

et al. 2014

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There is a limited body of knowledge of desired and undesired effects of cross-sex hormones in transsexual people. Little attention has been given to the fact that chromosomal configurations, 46,XY in male-to-female transsexuals subjects (MtoF) and 46,XX in female-to-male transsexual subjects (FtoM), obviously, remain unchanged. These differences in their genomes cause sex differences in the functions of cells. This study reviews sex differences in metabolism/cardiovascular pathology, immune mechanisms, bone (patho)physiology and brain functions and examines whether they are, maybe partially, determined by genetic mechanisms rather than by (cross-sex) hormones. There do not appear to be major genetic impacts on the changes in bone physiology. Also immune functions are rather unaffected and the evidence for an increase of autoimmune disease in MtoF is preliminary. Brain functions of transsexuals may have differed from controls before cross-sex hormones; they do undergo shifts upon cross-sex hormone treatment, but there is no evidence for changes in sex-specific brain disease. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is higher in MtoF receiving oestrogens than in FtoM receiving androgens. While type of oestrogen and route of administration might be significant, it is reasonable to speculate that nonhormonal/genetic factors play a role.

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Body composition, volumetric and areal bone parameters in male-to-female transsexual persons

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

A review of the physical and metabolic effects of cross-sex hormonal therapy in the treatment of gender dysphoria

A review of the physical and metabolic effects of cross-sex hormonal therapy in the treatment of gender dysphoria

Genitoplasty in male-to-female transsexuals

(Patho)physiology of cross-sex hormone administration to transsexual people: the potential impact of male-female genetic differences

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