Body Composition Profiles of Elite American Heptathletes

Houtkoopr, L; Mullins, Veronica; Going, Scott B.; Brown, Clairessa M.; Lohman, T. G.

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.2.162

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, applying the derived equations to a separate sample of 24 athletes, they predicted a fat mass with a TE of 2.9%. Houtkooper et al 28 reported that BIA overestimated the average BF% of elite female heptathletes by 4.4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Techniques Applied to Body Fat Measurement in Male and Female Athletes

Pineau

Filliard

Bocquet

2009

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: For athletes in disciplines with weight categories, it is important to assess body composition and weight fluctuations.Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of measuring body fat percentage with a portable ultrasound device possessing high accuracy and reliability versus fan-beam, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Design: Cross-validation study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 93 athletes (24 women, 69 men), aged 23.5 6 3.7 years, with body mass index 5 24.0 6 4.2 and body fat percentage via DEXA 5 9.41 6 8.1 participated. All participants were elite athletes selected from the Institut National des Sports et de l'Education Physique. These participants practiced a variety of weight-category sports.Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured body fat and body fat percentage using an ultrasound technique associated with anthropometric values and the DEXA reference technique.Cross-validation between the ultrasound technique and DEXA was then performed.Results: Ultrasound estimates of body fat percentage were correlated closely with those of DEXA in both females (r 5 0.97, standard error of the estimate 5 1.79) and males (r 5 0.98, standard error of the estimate 5 0.96). The ultrasound technique in both sexes had a low total error (0.93). The 95% limit of agreement was 20.06 6 1.2 for all athletes and did not show an overprediction or underprediction bias. We developed a new model to produce body fat estimates with ultrasound and anthropometric dimensions.Conclusions: I n sport disciplines with weight categories, assessing individual weight fluctuations and their consequences on body composition is important to optimize the performances of athletes during competitions. 1-3 Just before a competition, some athletes need to lose a large quantity of body weight in a short period of time. This weight loss is difficult for many athletes because it often results in poorer performances. 4,5 It is, therefore, necessary to determine each athlete's ideal weight category. For that purpose, knowledge of body composition in relation to total body fat (BF) and fatfree mass (FFM) is required. Optimizing these components is essential for improving physical training for each athlete.To evaluate BF percentage (BF%), a noninvasive portable ultrasound device that measures the thickness of subcutaneous fat and has been validated on sedentary participants can be used. Pineau et al 6 cross-validated the portable ultrasound technique (UT), air-displacement plethysmography, and bioelectric impedance (BIA) with fan-beam, dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 89 healthy volunteers. Body fat percentage estimates by UT were more accurate than those obtained with air-displacement plethysmography or BIA, regardless of sex.A cross-validation study between UT and the DEXA reference was carried out and the results compared on 93 athletes. The portable UT measures the thickness of subcutaneous fat. These measurements were taken at specific points on all participants for the estimation of BF, BF%, and F...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Techniques Applied to Body Fat Measurement in Male and Female Athletes

Pineau

Filliard

Bocquet

2009

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] For male and female athletes participating in various sports and activities across multiple age ranges, BIA produced FFM standard error of estimate values ranging from 1.1 to 2.6 kg, but significant mean differences were observed in several studies showing a significant overestimation, as well as underestimations. [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Many studies have compared BIA with anthropometric equations with varying results. 35,[69][70][71][72] However, all studies have shown good agreement between methods.…”

Section: Validation Studies and Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique

2013

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Until a generalised athlete-specific BIA equation developed from a multiple-compartment is published, it is recommended that generalised equations such as those published by Lukaski and Bolonchuk and Lohman be used in athletes. However, BIA equations developed for specific athletes may also produce acceptable values and are still acceptable for use until more research is conducted. The use of a valid BIA equation/device should produce values similar to those of hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, researchers and practitioners need to understand the individual variability associated with BIA estimations for both single assessments and repeated measurements. Although the BIA method shows promise for estimating body composition in athletes, future research should focus on the development of general athlete-specific equations using a TBW-based three- or four-compartment model.

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“…The little levels of body fat mass, optimal level of water mass and FFBM and WFBM for soccer players influence successful performance within the competition and body mass structure are very significant determinants of competitive success of soccer players. FFBM, FFBMI, WFBM, WFBMI may advantageously affect performance, requiring translocation of body mass, such as in running, jumping or rotation of the body around an axis (Houtkooper, 2001;Sinning, 1996;our unpublished data, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of a Precompetition and Postcompetition Training Regime on Body Composition of Soccer Players

Gailiūnienė¹,

Novikovas²

2018

BJSHS

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The purpose of this investigation was to document the body composition elements’ changes, preparing an initialprecompetition and postcompetition training programme of soccer players. Body composition measurements weretaken 10 weeks prior to competition, at 2 hours before competition and 4 weeks after competition period (week 14).There were investigated: body height (BH), body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat freebody mass (FFBM), fat free body mass index (FFBMI), body water mass (BWM), water free body mass (WFBM), waterfree body mass index (WFBMI). Body mass, the percent age of BFM and BWM at all body mass was calculated usingthe whole body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with “Tanita” monitor (Japan).Body mass and body composition values of soccer players varied at precompetition, competition and postcompetitionperiods. The decreased body mass at competition period by 8.16% is the result of lost body fat mass and body watermass. Fat free body mass index (FFBMI) and water free body mass index (WFBMI) indicate, that soccer players atprecompetition and competition period did not use lean tissue, that positively related to the restoration of bodycomposition and water balance at postcompetition period.

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Body Composition Profiles of Elite American Heptathletes

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Ultrasound Techniques Applied to Body Fat Measurement in Male and Female Athletes

Ultrasound Techniques Applied to Body Fat Measurement in Male and Female Athletes

Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique

Effect of a Precompetition and Postcompetition Training Regime on Body Composition of Soccer Players

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