Body composition and composition of gain of growing beef bulls fed rations with varying energy concentrations

Honig, Aniela C.; Inhuber, Vivienne; Spiekers, H.; Windisch, W.; Götz, Kay-Uwe; Schuster, M.; Ettle, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108685

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While rate of live gain may slow, rate of carcass gain may continue to increase ( Wilken et al, 2015 ). Much of the live weight gain that occurs early in the feeding period is deposited in non-carcass components, including the gastrointestinal tract with its contents, other visceral organs, blood, hide, and the head; as cattle age and weight increases, proportions of these components decrease, while muscle, and particularly fat deposition increase ( Berg and Butterfield, 1968 ; Buckley et al, 1990 ; Coleman et al, 1995 ; Owens et al, 1995 ; Honig et al, 2022 ). Thus, while rates of live weight gain seem to decline when feeding heifers beyond their “target” DOF, it appears that the majority of gained weight is being deposited on the carcass (in a linear manner), rather than to less valuable components of the animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized trial and multisite pooled trial analyses comparing effects of two hormonal implant programs and differing days-on-feed on carcass characteristics and feedlot performance of beef heifers

Horton

Depenbusch²,

Holland³

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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Research objectives were to evaluate effects of 2 implant programs for beef heifers fed 3 different durations (days-on-feed; DOF) on carcass weight and composition (primary outcomes) and feedlot performance (secondary outcomes) at commercial feedlots. Data from a randomized trial in Kansas were analyzed separately and also pooled with data from 2 previously published trials conducted in Texas. Heifers were randomly allocated to pens within a block, and pens were randomized to treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial randomized complete block design. Implant programs were IH + 200 – an initial Revalor-IH implant [80 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 8 mg estradiol (E2)] and a re-implant after a mean of 98-d (± 10.8 SD) with Revalor-200 (200 mg TBA and 20 mg E2), or XH – Revalor-XH, a single extended-release implant (200 mg TBA and 20 mg E2). Heifers were fed to a baseline endpoint (BASE; pooled mean 166-d ± 11.9 SD), +21, or +42 additional DOF. A total of 10,583 crossbred heifers with mean initial body weight (BW) 315 kg (± 20.1 SD) were enrolled in 144 pens in 24 blocks (treatment replications) across the 3 trials. General and generalized linear mixed models accounting for clustering of trials, blocks, and pens were used to test for effects of treatments, with significance set at α = 0.05. The only implant program × DOF interaction in pooled analyses was for dry matter intake (DMI; P < 0.01); IH + 200 heifers had lower mean DMI than XH when fed +42 DOF. Gain:feed was higher for IH + 200 compared to XH with dead and removed animals excluded (P < 0.01) or included (P = 0.03). For IH + 200, hot carcass weight (HCW) increased (P < 0.01), USDA Yield Grade (YG) distributions shifted towards lower numerical categories (P < 0.01), and Prime carcasses decreased while Select increased compared to XH (P < 0.01). For each incremental increase in DOF, final BW (P < 0.01) and HCW increased (P < 0.01), while daily gain (P < 0.01) and gain:feed (P < 0.01) decreased. Categories of YG were affected by DOF (P < 0.01); there were fewer YG 1 and 2 and more YG 4 and 5 carcasses for +42 compared to BASE and +21. USDA Quality Grade (QG) distributions differed by DOF (P < 0.01); each incremental increase in DOF resulted in more Prime and fewer Select carcasses. Without meaningful interactions, tested implant programs likely have a consistent effect when heifers are fed to similar DOF, while changes in HCW, QG, and YG may influence marketing decisions when extending DOF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized trial and multisite pooled trial analyses comparing effects of two hormonal implant programs and differing days-on-feed on carcass characteristics and feedlot performance of beef heifers

Horton

Depenbusch²,

Holland³

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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show abstract

“…found that the retained tissue energy was higher in the high-energy diet-fed steers than in the low-energy diet-fed steers. In a different study (Honig et al, 2022) iii) What are the effects of increase in glycemic index of diets fed to cattle on adipose deposition? showed that diets higher in starch stimulate intramuscular fat deposition relative to subcutaneous deposition and that intramuscular adipocytes use glucose while subcutaneous adipocytes use acetate as the predominant substrate for fatty acid production.…”

Section: A) What Happens When the Glycemic Index Of Diets Fed To Catt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term postgastric infusion of casein or glutamic acid on small intestinal starch digestion, energy balance, body composition, and metabolic fates of luminally assimilated glucose carbon in cattle

Acharya¹

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Small intestinal starch digestion (SISD) in ruminants is limited, but SISD can be improved by postruminal supply of casein or glutamic acid. There are no reports on the effects of increases in SISD in response to greater postgastric nutrient flows from casein or glutamic acid together with cornstarch on energy balance, measures of body composition and fates of luminally assimilated glucose carbon in cattle. Twenty-four steers (BW = 179 [plus or minus] 4 kg) were duodenally infused with raw cornstarch (1.46 [plus or minus] 0.04 kg/d) and either 413 [plus or minus] 7.0 g casein/d, 121 [plus or minus] 3.6 g glutamic acid/d or water (control). Measures of small intestinal starch digestion and nutrient excretion were collected across 4 d after 42 d of infusion. Measures of energy balance via indirect calorimetry were collected across 2 days after 48 d of infusion, and measures of responses in glucose use for lipid synthesis and splanchnic release of absorbed glucose were determined by continuously infusing stable isotopomers on day 58. Subsequently, cattle were slaughtered and changes in total body nutrient composition were determined by measures of carcass specific gravity. There was tendency of increasing SISD (P = 0.09) when steers were infused with casein treatment and the increase was 26.6 percent more than that of control. Ileal flow of ethanol-soluble starch (small-chain [plus or minus]-glycosides) increased (P [less than] 0.01) with casein infusion compared to control or glutamic acid infusion. Large intestinal starch digestion was similar (P = 0.28) among the treatments. Nitrogen retention was greater (P [less than] 0.01) in response to casein compared to control and glutamic acid. With increase in N retention and similar C retention, retained C:N ratio was least (P [less than] 0.01) among calves provided casein, compared to glutamic acid or control. Gross energy intake was similar (P = 0.45) among the treatments, while digestible energy was increased (P = 0.03) with casein infusion compared to control and was intermediate to similar with glutamic acid infusion. Similarly, metabolizable energy was increased (P = 0.01) with casein infusion compared to control and glutamic acid infusions. Retained energy tended to increase (P = 0.07) with casein infusion compared to other treatments. The increase in retained energy was 34 percent more than that of control. Tissue energy was greatest (P = 0.03) among calves provided with casein compared to glutamic acid and control. The majority of increase in tissue energy occurred in fat tissue, where calves provided with casein had greatest (P = 0.02) energy from fat tissues compared to control or glutamic acid. The increase in tissue energy in protein tissue was greatest (P [less than] 0.01) for casein compared to glutamic acid and control. Glucose turnover rate, mmol/min was similar (P = 0.17) among treatments, while glucose turnover rate as a function of body weight (mmol/min/MBW) tended (P = 0.15) to be 12 percent greater among calves provided glutamic acid, compared to casein or control. Consequently, glucose rate of appearance was greatest (P [less than] 0.01) among calves provided casein, compared to glutamic acid or control. Palmitate fractional synthesis rate (FSR) from omental fat (P = 0.88) and subcutaneous fat (P = 0.89) were similar among treatments. Palmitate FSR from intramuscular fat tended (P = 0.11) to be greater among calves provided casein, compared to control or glutamic acid infusion.

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Effect of bone age and anatomy on the variability of the bovine bone by-product by Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis

Wahaia,

Kasalynas,

Karaliunas

et al. 2024

Food Bioscience

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Body composition and composition of gain of growing beef bulls fed rations with varying energy concentrations

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

A randomized trial and multisite pooled trial analyses comparing effects of two hormonal implant programs and differing days-on-feed on carcass characteristics and feedlot performance of beef heifers

A randomized trial and multisite pooled trial analyses comparing effects of two hormonal implant programs and differing days-on-feed on carcass characteristics and feedlot performance of beef heifers

Effects of long-term postgastric infusion of casein or glutamic acid on small intestinal starch digestion, energy balance, body composition, and metabolic fates of luminally assimilated glucose carbon in cattle

Effect of bone age and anatomy on the variability of the bovine bone by-product by Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis

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