Bochdalek hernia and intrathoracic ectopic kidney: Presentation of two case reports and review of the literature

Abstract

Bochdalek hernia is a congenital abnormality with high morbidity and mortality characterized by passage of the abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through a diaphragmatic defect. Intrathoracic location of abdominal organs such as kidneys is very rare, with a reported incidence of only 0.25% in the literature. Herein, we present two cases of Bochdalek hernia with a herniation of intra-abdominal organ such as kidney that was treated in our clinic and compare this rare case with those in the literature. In both cases, the functionally normal kidneys were left in situ during diaphragmatic repair. No complications were observed during the postoperative period, and 10- and 1-year follow-ups. In cases with Bochdalek hernia associated with an intrathoracic ectopic kidney, the functionally normal ectopic kidneys were left in situ during repair of the diaphragmatic defect without complications.

Laparoscopic repair of massive Bochdalek hernia

“…a mixture of open cases and small cases repaired with laparoscopic surgery. [4][5][6][7] There have also been reports of smaller single or dual-viscera Bochdalek hernias being repaired in the literature. [6][7][8][9] We report the laparoscopic repair of a large Bochdalek hernia containing multiple abdominal viscera that underwent repair via a laparoscopic approach.…”

“…Brown and Horton reported incidence of 0.17% in adults, particularly those containing multiple abdominal viscera. [2][3][4][5][6] Bochdalek hernias are the most common congenital diaphragmatic defect, usually occurring on the left with a higher incidence in males. [1][2][3] We describe a man with a Bochdalek hernia containing the left kidney, stomach, omentum, pancreas, spleen, and splenic flexure and transverse colon who presented with persistent dyspnoea and dysphagia since childhood.…”

Clinical Presentations and Usefulness of 99mTechnetium-Ethylene-Dicysteine (99mTc-EC) Renal Scintigraphy in Estimation of Thoracic Kidney Function in Children

“…Thoracic kidney is a rare congenital abnormality, with the lowest frequency of all renal ectopias (< 5%) (1)(2)(3). This anomaly has been divided into four subtypes: with a closed diaphragm; with eventration of the diaphragm; with a diaphragmatic hernia (congenital or acquired); and with a traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (4).…”

“…This anomaly has been divided into four subtypes: with a closed diaphragm; with eventration of the diaphragm; with a diaphragmatic hernia (congenital or acquired); and with a traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (4). The prevalence of thoracic renal ectopia related to congenital diaphragmatic hernia is less than 0.25% (1)(2)(3). Embryological theories, such as pleuroperitoneal fusion abnormalities or persistence of the mesonephric tissue, may explain the cause of congenital thoracic kidney (4).…”

Ectopic Intrathoracic Kidney Along with Right Anterior Diaphragmatic Hernia

“…ITK accounts for 0.1% of the total renal ectopia cases and it is twice as common in men as women. Additionally, ITK in the left hemi thorax is twice as common as on the right (2). Although ITK can be asymptomatic in the most of the cases, it is important to distinguish it from other significant conditions, such as pulmonary masses etc.…”