Bloodstream Infection in the ICU

Vallès, Jordi; Ferrer, Ricard

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.005

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In an earlier study, Valles et al have also reported CoNS as the commonest microorganism (20-30%) causing blood stream infections (BSIs) among ICU patients. 16 Thus it is obvious that CoNS is among one of the most common isolates from blood cultures in patients of ICU, though the extent of problem varies from region to region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance pattern in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Bhatia

Kalra

Kohli

et al. 2018

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Antimicrobials are a major class of drugs prescribed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Widespread use of empirical antibiotic therapy has facilitated the emergence of drug resistance, since empirical therapy is very often initiated at the outset, even before culture and sensitivity reports are available. The problem of drug resistance is on a rise, therefore, this study was planned to assess the drug resistance and sensitivity patterns of the blood isolates recovered from ICU.Methods: An observational- prospective study was conducted in the Tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of twelve months to assess antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern. A total of 104 consecutive patients receiving antibiotics in the ICU and having blood cultures with significant growth were included in the study. Blood sample was collected and after obtaining a culture growth, the identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done.Results: Blood stream infection by Gram-negative bacteria (50.96%) was more common than Gram-positive bacteria (49.04%). Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) was the predominant single blood culture isolate (35.58%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.46%), Escherichia coli (12.50%), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (7.69%) were commonly isolated gram negative organisms. Gram positive isolates were resistant to beta lactams in maximum patients whereas Tigecycline, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin and Teicoplanin were sensitive against them. Common gram negative isolates were sensitive to Colistin and Tigecycline but resistant to most of the antibiotics.Conclusions: A preponderance of gram negative bacteria over gram positive bacteria was noted with a higher degree of resistance to most of the first line antimicrobial agents.

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“…1,2 Globally, nearly 70% of the BSIs in ICUs are secondary to another primary infection (eg, central line, urinary or respiratory tract infections), whereas the remaining BSIs are of unknown origin. 3,4 A recent Italian study conducted in 125 ICUs reported that BSIs, particularly catheter related-BSIs, are the second most frequent ICU-acquired infection, with an incidence of 1.9 cases per 1,000 central venous catheter days. 5 At the time of admission into the ICU, a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, clinical presentation with septic shock or severe sepsis, multiple comorbidities (>2), and receiving inadequate antimicrobial therapy in the first 48 hours are all generally considered to be the predictors of mortality after BSI that occur in medical or ICU wards.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiologic characteristics and predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: A 1-year, large, prospective surveillance study in 5 Italian hospitals

Rose¹,

Sordillo²,

Gini³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Infection Control

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“…Identification of MRSA in 95% of S. aureus-colonised RCW patients but in only 80% of ICU patients is consistent with RCW patients acting as a potential MRSA reservoir [20]. This high prevalence of MRSA was subsequently associated with contamination of catheters, Foley catheterisation and other instrumentation [36]. This interpretation emphasises the importance of an outstanding infection control strategy and 100% compliance in the RCW and ICU facilities [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from respiratory care wards in Taiwan: a horizontal surveillance study comparison of the characteristics of nosocomial infection and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in adult Intensive Care Units and two respiratory care facilities for mechanically ventilated patients at a tertiary care centre in Taiwan

Liu¹,

Lai

et al. 2011

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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“…We focused our study on the four multi-resistant bacterial strains frequently found in nosocomial sepsis [28][29][30][31][32][33]. The following bacterial strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from patients at the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, suspended in glycerol and frozen at −80˚C:…”

Section: Microorganisms and Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Ozone Activity on Recent Clinically Isolated Bacterial Strains

Tordiglione¹,

Morselli²,

Scarpa³

et al. 2014

AiM

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This study aims to evaluate the cozone bactericidal activity in different suspension media (saline, broth and whole blood) at different exposure times. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, ESBL-positive Escherichia coli, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa were suspended in different media. We used a bacterial concentration of 0.2 MF for all experiments, as this concentration is consistent with the results of septic shock blood experiments. We performed ozone insufflations in a "sealed environment". The total number of insuffla-tions for each experiment ranged from one to four. The gas concentration was maintained at 80 mcg/ml. We con-firmed the bactericidal activity of ozone on saline for all the bacterial strains. Experiments in broth revealed no changes in the bacterial growth. Ozone is primarily bactericidal against E. coli and bacteriostatic on P. aerugi-nosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis on whole blood. This study confirms the bactericidal efficacy of topical ozone ap-plications and supports the need for further evaluations of the therapeutic potential of major ozone autohemo-therapy. The results in E. coli promote further investigations of ozone activity on other Enterobacteriaceae and its potential use in the treatment of urinary infections. In general, these results suggest that ozone-therapy might be an alternative therapy to overcome antibiotic resistance.

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“…Besides, patients with community-acquired bloodstream infections display mortality rates of approximately 40%, against 18% for patients without reports of community-acquired infections (21) .…”

Section: Mortality-associated Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Resistance and Mortality in an Intensive Care Unit

Oliveira

Silva

Diaz

et al. 2010

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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The goal was to identify risk factors for healthcare-associated infections by resistant Resistencia bacteriana y mortalidad en un Centro de Terapia IntensivaSe objetivó identificar factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones relacionadas al cuidar en salud, por microorganismos resistentes, y también investigar su relación con la mortalidad de los pacientes en un centro de terapia intensiva. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico prospectivo realizado entre 2005 y 2008, envolviendo 2.300 pacientes. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y el análisis de regresión logístico bivariado y multivariado. En el análisis bivariado, la infección por microorganismos resistentes estuvo significativamente asociada a pacientes con infección comunitaria (p=0,03; OR=1,79) y a la colonización por microorganismo resistente (p<0,01; OR=14,22). En el análisis multivariado la severidad clínica C (p=0,03; OR=0,25) y la colonización por microorganismo resistente (p<0,01; OR=21,73) fueron significativas. En relación a las muertes, se observó como factor de riesgo: el tipo de paciente, la severidad clínica, y el uso de ventilación mecánica. La constatación de la relación entre los microorganismos resistentes y la muerte, coloca en evidencia la necesidad de monitorizar la adhesión a las medidas de control de la infección con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de la asistencia y, sobre todo, la sobrevivencia de los pacientes críticos.

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Bloodstream Infection in the ICU

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Antibiotic resistance pattern in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Microbiologic characteristics and predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: A 1-year, large, prospective surveillance study in 5 Italian hospitals

<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Ozone Activity on Recent Clinically Isolated Bacterial Strains

Bacterial Resistance and Mortality in an Intensive Care Unit

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Bloodstream Infection in the ICU

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Antibiotic resistance pattern in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Microbiologic characteristics and predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: A 1-year, large, prospective surveillance study in 5 Italian hospitals

&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Evaluation of Ozone Activity on Recent Clinically Isolated Bacterial Strains

Bacterial Resistance and Mortality in an Intensive Care Unit

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<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Ozone Activity on Recent Clinically Isolated Bacterial Strains