Blood pressure, diabetes, and increased dietary salt associated with stroke – results from a community-based study in Pakistan

Distribution of gastric carcinoma in an area with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori

“…Increased salt intake has been described as an independent risk factor of GC. In a population based study, an increased dietary salt intake was documented among different communities in Karachi (21). Furthermore, according to the National Health Survey, 25.0% of the population was overweight or obese (22).…”

Young Ischemic Stroke in South Asia: A review

“…16,26 A study in Pakistan reported the increase in frequency of young stroke is due to higher prevalence of early onset of hypertension in their community. 18 Similarly, higher prevalence of hypertension was found among ethnic South Asian young strokes in United Kingdom and Singapore. 30,31 …”

“…9 Similarly, a community study in Pakistan has reported about 30% of stroke patients are ≤ 45 years suggesting a high burden of young strokes. 18 In another large population based Iranian study, incidence of young stroke patients was 7.9 per 100000 per year. 19 In contrast to South Asian countries, young stroke was comparatively less in frequency in most of the developed countries 9 : 4.9% in United States (age<45) 20 and 6% in Germany (age≤45).…”

The ADVANCE trial: further PROGRESS with HOPE

“…[1][2][3] There are many mediators of this amplification of atherosclerosis including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, abnormalities of extracellular matrix turnover, endothelial damage/dysfunction, vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, platelet activation and changes in the coagulation cascade leading to a pro-thrombotic state. [4][5][6] It is accepted that aggressive blood pressure reduction in patients with diabetes and hypertension has important benefits on a range of surrogate clinical end points [7][8][9] and confers protection against both macro-and microvascular diseases.…”