Blood-injection-injury phobia and fear of spiders: Domain specific individual differences in disgust sensitivity

Jong, Peter J. de

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00178-5

Cited by 168 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To assess general (trait) disgust propensity, participants completed the Disgust Scale (DS; de Jong & Merckelbach, 1998;Haidt et al, 1994). The DS is a widely used and validated 32-item self-report index of disgust and contamination sensitivity covering seven domains of disgust elicitors: Food (e.g., ''You are about to drink a glass of milk when you smell it is spoiled''), Animals (e.g., ''You are walking barefoot on concrete and you step on an earthworm''), Body Products (e.g., ''You see a bowel movement left unflushed in a public toilet''), Sex (e.g., ''You hear about an adult woman who has sex with her father''), Envelope Violation (e.g., ''You see a man with his intestines exposed after an accident''), Death (e.g., ''You accidentally touch the ashes of a person who has been cremated''), and Hygiene (e.g., ''I never let any part of my body touch the toilet seat in public restrooms'').…”

Section: General Disgust Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust and Contamination Sensitivity in Vaginismus and Dyspareunia

et al. 2007

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This study examined the potential role of disgust propensity and contamination sensitivity in vaginismus. Women suffering from vaginismus (n = 20) or dyspareunia (n = 22), and a group of women without sexual complaints (n = 30) completed self report measures indexing their (1) general dispositional disgust propensity, and (2) sensitivity for (ideational) contamination by sexual stimuli as a function of its source (self, partner, unknown). In support of the idea that disgust may be involved in vaginismus, women with vaginistic complaints displayed a generally enhanced dispositional disgust propensity. The sensitivity for contamination by sexual stimuli did not vary across groups. However, especially when the source was the participant's partner, the willingness ratings might have been influenced by demand and may, therefore, not accurately reflect participant's actual sensitivity for contamination by sexual stimuli. Future studies using more implicit or behavioral measures are necessary to more definitely test the role of disgust in vaginismus.

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Section: General Disgust Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust and Contamination Sensitivity in Vaginismus and Dyspareunia

et al. 2007

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“…Prior research has provided evidence for the validity of this classification of the eight subscales of the DSS. For example, de Jong and Merckelbach (1998) found that core disgust was specifically related to spider fear, whereas animal reminder was specifically related to BII fears. The 32-item DSS includes 16 true-false items and 16 items that are rated on a 3-point scale.…”

Section: Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

A taxometric study of the latent structure of disgust sensitivity: Converging evidence for dimensionality.

Olatunji¹,

Broman-Fulks²

2007

Psychological Assessment

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Disgust sensitivity has recently been implicated as a specific vulnerability factor for several anxiety-related disorders. However, it is not clear whether disgust sensitivity is a dimensional or categorical phenomenon. The present study examined the latent structure of disgust by applying three taxometric procedures (maximum eigenvalue, mean above minus below a cut, and latent-mode factor analysis) to data collected from 2 large nonclinical samples on 2 different measures of disgust sensitivity. Disgust sensitivity in the first sample (n=1,153) was operationalized by disgust reactions to food, animals, body products, sex, body envelope violations, death, hygiene, and sympathetic magic, as assessed by the Disgust Sensitivity Scale (J. Haidt, C. McCauley, & P. Rozin, 1994). Disgust Sensitivity Scale indicators of core, animal reminder, and contamination disgust were also examined in the 1st sample. Disgust sensitivity in the 2nd independent sample (n=1,318) was operationalized by disgust reactions to animals, injections and blood draws, mutilation and death, rotting foods, and odors, as assessed by the Disgust Emotion Scale (R. A. Kleinknecht, E. E. Kleinknecht, & R. M. Thorndike, 1997). Results across both samples provide converging evidence that disgust sensitivity is best conceptualized as a dimensional construct, present to a greater or lesser extent in all individuals. These findings are discussed in relation to the conceptualization and assessment of disgust sensitivity as a specific dimensional vulnerability for certain anxiety and related disorders.

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“…Empirically, individuals categorized as BII phobic are consistently elevated on disgust sensitivity measures compared to their non-phobic counterparts [11,12]. Furthermore [14], found that higher levels of self reported disgust in BII phobics led to increased avoidance on a behavior approach/avoidance task (BAT) with an animal reminder disgust elicitor and a core disgust elicitor [7] found high BII fear to be associated with increased behavioral avoidance of an animal reminder stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are three types of disgust most examined in the literature: animal reminder, core, and contamination. Animal reminder disgust is the type most commonly examined in relation to BII phobia [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of disgust in BII phobia has been assessed through a variety of methods including self-report [11][12][13], behavioral tasks [10,[12][13][14], and implicit association tests [15]. Empirically, individuals categorized as BII phobic are consistently elevated on disgust sensitivity measures compared to their non-phobic counterparts [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit Associations in Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia: Changes after Exposure to a Disgust-Eliciting Stimulus

Rothstein¹,

Covington²

2015

Clin Exp Psychol

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Objective: The current study aimed to examine implicit disgust associations between blood injection-injury (BII) phobic and non-phobic individuals. Method:The implicit disgust associations between 30 blood-injection-injury (BII) phobic 30 and non-phobic individuals were evaluated following 30-minute in vivo exposure to a disgust eliciting stimulus (severed deer leg). Participants engaged in an implicit association test (IAT), prior to and following exposure to determine the strength of implicit associations regarding the concept of disgust. Participants also engaged in a behavior approach/avoidance task (BAT) with a vial of blood at the same time points to determine if disgust elicited by the deer leg was generalizable to a BII-specific disgust-elicitor. IAT and BAT assessments were then repeated one week following exposure.Results: A significant change in implicit associations was found from pre-exposure to follow-up. There was also a significant decrease in avoidance to the BAT from pre-exposure to follow-up.Conclusions: BII phobic individuals underwent a cognitive change and lessening of disgust associations.

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Blood-injection-injury phobia and fear of spiders: Domain specific individual differences in disgust sensitivity

Cited by 168 publications

References 19 publications

Disgust and Contamination Sensitivity in Vaginismus and Dyspareunia

Disgust and Contamination Sensitivity in Vaginismus and Dyspareunia

A taxometric study of the latent structure of disgust sensitivity: Converging evidence for dimensionality.

Implicit Associations in Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia: Changes after Exposure to a Disgust-Eliciting Stimulus

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