Blood Amino Nitrogen Levels

Synthetic peptides in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in animals

“…The pancreatic function test described in the present communication is, in essence, an indirect test for chymotrypsin secretion. In this respect it differs from the protein tolerance tests (West, Wilson, and Eyles, 1946;Christensen and Shwachman, 1949;Chinn, Lavik, Stitt, and Buckaloo, 1952) which are measures of total intraluminal proteolysis. The present test also differs from the protein tolerance tests in that the hydrolytic product being measured is PABA, which is not a major body constituent as are amino acids and peptides.…”

Synthetic peptides in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in animals

“…The pancreatic function test described in the present communication is, in essence, an indirect test for chymotrypsin secretion. In this respect it differs from the protein tolerance tests (West, Wilson, and Eyles, 1946;Christensen and Shwachman, 1949;Chinn, Lavik, Stitt, and Buckaloo, 1952) which are measures of total intraluminal proteolysis. The present test also differs from the protein tolerance tests in that the hydrolytic product being measured is PABA, which is not a major body constituent as are amino acids and peptides.…”

Amino Acids in the Feeding of Infants

“…It has recently been demonstrated (West et al, 1946) that the level of plasma amino acid nitrogen rises m these cases after a meal of hydrolysed casein, indicating absorption from the gut, but not after a meal of unhydrolysed casem or gelatn. This difference is not shown by infants with a normal pancreas.…”

The (in)Significance of Establishing Accurate Extracellular Vesicle Nomenclature

“…The first evidence of the existence of EVs emerged as early as the 1940s, when Chargaff and West observed that subcellular fractions of human plasma contained a precipitable factor that facilitated the generation of thrombin (West et al. 1946 ). In 1967, with the emergence of more powerful electron microscopy techniques, Wolf was able to demonstrate that this factor, obtained from ultracentrifugation of platelet‐free plasma, consisted of small vesicles derived from the cell membrane of activated platelets, which he described as ‘platelet dust’ (Wolf 1967 ).…”

“…Few years later, the term ‘exosomes’ was used to identify intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane (West et al. 1946 ), a mechanism that had been previously described by two seminal papers in the EV field (Trams et al. 1981 , Johnstone et al.…”

“…Trams and colleagues first mentioned it in 1981, stating that 'exfoliated membrane vesicles may serve a physiologic function; it is proposed that they be referred to as exosomes' (Trams et al 1981). Few years later, the term 'exosomes' was used to identify intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane (West et al 1946), a mechanism that had been previously described by two seminal papers in the EV field (Trams et al 1981, Johnstone et al 1987. From this point on, the term 'exosome' became popular, and these initial studies were followed by a vast amount of work on 'exosomes' attempting to convince scientists of the existence and relevance of these nanosized vesicles.…”

Synthetic peptides in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in animals

“…The pancreatic function test described in the present communication is, in essence, an indirect test for chymotrypsin secretion. In this respect it differs from the protein tolerance tests (West, Wilson, and Eyles, 1946;Christensen and Shwachman, 1949;Chinn, Lavik, Stitt, and Buckaloo, 1952) which are measures of total intraluminal proteolysis. The present test also differs from the protein tolerance tests in that the hydrolytic product being measured is PABA, which is not a major body constituent as are amino acids and peptides.…”

Amino Acids in the Feeding of Infants

“…It has recently been demonstrated (West et al, 1946) that the level of plasma amino acid nitrogen rises m these cases after a meal of hydrolysed casein, indicating absorption from the gut, but not after a meal of unhydrolysed casem or gelatn. This difference is not shown by infants with a normal pancreas.…”

The (in)Significance of Establishing Accurate Extracellular Vesicle Nomenclature

“…The first evidence of the existence of EVs emerged as early as the 1940s, when Chargaff and West observed that subcellular fractions of human plasma contained a precipitable factor that facilitated the generation of thrombin (West et al. 1946 ). In 1967, with the emergence of more powerful electron microscopy techniques, Wolf was able to demonstrate that this factor, obtained from ultracentrifugation of platelet‐free plasma, consisted of small vesicles derived from the cell membrane of activated platelets, which he described as ‘platelet dust’ (Wolf 1967 ).…”

“…Few years later, the term ‘exosomes’ was used to identify intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane (West et al. 1946 ), a mechanism that had been previously described by two seminal papers in the EV field (Trams et al. 1981 , Johnstone et al.…”

“…Trams and colleagues first mentioned it in 1981, stating that 'exfoliated membrane vesicles may serve a physiologic function; it is proposed that they be referred to as exosomes' (Trams et al 1981). Few years later, the term 'exosomes' was used to identify intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane (West et al 1946), a mechanism that had been previously described by two seminal papers in the EV field (Trams et al 1981, Johnstone et al 1987. From this point on, the term 'exosome' became popular, and these initial studies were followed by a vast amount of work on 'exosomes' attempting to convince scientists of the existence and relevance of these nanosized vesicles.…”

Synthetic peptides in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in animals

“…The pancreatic function test described in the present communication is, in essence, an indirect test for chymotrypsin secretion. In this respect it differs from the protein tolerance tests (West, Wilson, and Eyles, 1946;Christensen and Shwachman, 1949;Chinn, Lavik, Stitt, and Buckaloo, 1952) which are measures of total intraluminal proteolysis. The present test also differs from the protein tolerance tests in that the hydrolytic product being measured is PABA, which is not a major body constituent as are amino acids and peptides.…”

Amino Acids in the Feeding of Infants

“…It has recently been demonstrated (West et al, 1946) that the level of plasma amino acid nitrogen rises m these cases after a meal of hydrolysed casein, indicating absorption from the gut, but not after a meal of unhydrolysed casem or gelatn. This difference is not shown by infants with a normal pancreas.…”

The (in)Significance of Establishing Accurate Extracellular Vesicle Nomenclature

“…The first evidence of the existence of EVs emerged as early as the 1940s, when Chargaff and West observed that subcellular fractions of human plasma contained a precipitable factor that facilitated the generation of thrombin (West et al. 1946 ). In 1967, with the emergence of more powerful electron microscopy techniques, Wolf was able to demonstrate that this factor, obtained from ultracentrifugation of platelet‐free plasma, consisted of small vesicles derived from the cell membrane of activated platelets, which he described as ‘platelet dust’ (Wolf 1967 ).…”

“…Few years later, the term ‘exosomes’ was used to identify intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane (West et al. 1946 ), a mechanism that had been previously described by two seminal papers in the EV field (Trams et al. 1981 , Johnstone et al.…”

“…Trams and colleagues first mentioned it in 1981, stating that 'exfoliated membrane vesicles may serve a physiologic function; it is proposed that they be referred to as exosomes' (Trams et al 1981). Few years later, the term 'exosomes' was used to identify intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane (West et al 1946), a mechanism that had been previously described by two seminal papers in the EV field (Trams et al 1981, Johnstone et al 1987. From this point on, the term 'exosome' became popular, and these initial studies were followed by a vast amount of work on 'exosomes' attempting to convince scientists of the existence and relevance of these nanosized vesicles.…”